长期施肥对旱作马铃薯产量及养分吸收规律的影响  

Effects of long-term fertilization on yield and nutrient absorption of dry farming potato

作　　者：赵旭 梁俊梅 张婷婷 张君 张胜[1] 安昊 张诗雨 郭雪娇 王新凯 ZHAO Xu;LIANG Junmei;ZHANG Tingting;ZHANG Jun;ZHANG Sheng;AN Hao;ZHANG Shiyu;GUO Xuejiao;WANG Xinkai(Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;National Soil Quality Wuchuan Observation and Experimental Station,Wuchuan 011705,China;Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming,Hohhot 010031,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010031 [3]国家土壤质量武川观测实验站,内蒙古武川011705 [4]内蒙古自治区旱作农业重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010031

出　　处：《北方农业学报》2024年第1期55-63,共9页Journal of Northern Agriculture

基　　金：内蒙古农牧业创新基金项目(2023CXJJN20);国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD190050504)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究阴山北麓旱作区长期不同施肥模式对马铃薯产量和养分吸收规律的影响。【方法】在国家土壤质量武川观测实验站长期定位试验的基础上,以华颂7号为试验材料,设置不施肥(CK)、施氮磷钾肥(NPK)、单施有机肥(M)、氮磷钾肥基础上增施有机肥(NPK+M)4种不同施肥处理,分析不同处理对土壤养分含量和马铃薯产量及产量构成因素,干物质积累量,氮素、磷素、钾素积累量的影响。【结果】在出苗后第90天时,NPK+M处理土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质含量分别较CK显著提高206.85%、254.15%、241.86%、125.18%(P<0.05),土壤pH值较CK显著降低10.81%(P<0.05);马铃薯产量和商品薯率分别较CK显著提高126.19%和17.28%(P<0.05),干物质积累量较CK显著提升196.92%(P<0.05),氮素、磷素、钾素积累量分别较CK显著提高209.54%、167.74%、196.13%(P<0.05)。马铃薯产量与干物质积累量、氮素积累量、磷素积累量呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05),与钾素积累量呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。【结论】在氮磷钾肥基础上增施有机肥可提高马铃薯产量和品质,马铃薯养分吸收量最佳,是阴山北麓旱作区马铃薯适宜施肥模式。【Objective】Explore the effects of long-term different fertilization modes on potato yield and nutrient absorption in the dry farming area at the northern foothills of Yinshan Mountains.【Methods】On the basis of the long-term positioning tests at the National Soil Quality Wuchuan Observation and Experimental Station,using Huasong No.7 as test material,four treatments including no fertilization(CK),nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilization(NPK),organic fertilization only(M),and organic fertilization on top of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilization(NPK+M)were set up.The effects of different treatments on soil nutrient contents,potato yield and yield component,dry matter accumulation,nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium accumulation.【Results】On the 90th day after emergence,soil available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and organic matter content of NPK+M treatment increased significantly(P<0.05)by 206.85%,254.15%,241.86%,and 125.18% compared with CK.Soil pH value significantly decreased(P<0.05)by 10.81% compared with CK.Potato yield and commercial potato rate significantly increased(P<0.05)by 126.19% and 17.28% compared with CK.Dry matter accumulation significantly increased(P<0.05)by 196.92% compared with CK.The accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium significantly increased(P<0.05)by 209.54%,167.74% and 196.13% compared with CK.Potato yield was significantly(P<0.05)positively correlated with dry matter accumulation,nitrogen accumulation and phosphorus accumulation,and extremely significantly(P<0.01)positively correlated with potassium accumulation.【Conclusion】Adding organic fertilizer on top of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer increased potato yield and quality,potato had the best nutrient absorption capacity,was the most suitable fertilization mode for potato in the dry farming area at the northern foothills of Yinshan Mountains.

关 键 词：长期施肥 土壤养分 马铃薯 产量 养分吸收规律 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]