湿地公园水稻田冬季水鸟分布及其栖息地特征  

Wintering Waterfowl Distribution at Paddy Fields in Wetland Park and Their Habitat Characteristics

作　　者：刘琳琳 朱颖[1,2] 李欣 谢冬 王任翔 冯育青 Liu Linlin;Zhu Ying;Li Xin;Xie Dong;Wang Renxiang;Feng Yuqing(School of Architecture and Urban Planning,Suzhou University of Science and Technology,Suzhou 215011,Jiangsu,China;National Positioning Observatory of Taihu Lake Wetland Ecosystem,Suzhou 215000,Jiangsu,China;Suzhou Wetland Conservation Management Station,Suzhou 215000,Jiangsu,China;College of Biology and Environment,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;Suzhou Society of Forestry,Suzhou 215011,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州科技大学建筑与城市规划学院,江苏苏州215011 [2]江苏太湖湿地生态系统国家定位观测站,江苏苏州215000 [3]苏州市湿地保护管理站,江苏苏州215000 [4]南京林业大学生物与环境学院,南京210037 [5]苏州市林学会,江苏苏州215011

出　　处：《中国城市林业》2024年第2期129-134,共6页Journal of Chinese Urban Forestry

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目(17YJAZH137);苏州科技大学风景园林学学科建设项目;江苏省企业研究生工作站项目;江苏省太湖湿地生态系统国家定位观测研究站项目。

摘　　要：稻田是我国人工湿地的重要组成部分。为探究冬季稻田管理模式对湿地水鸟多样性保护及栖息生境改善的重要意义,2017年12月至2018年2月及2018年11月,采用样带法对天福国家湿地公园冬季休耕蓄水区和传统稻田的水鸟种群进行调查,对比水鸟种群及栖息地特征。结果表明:1)冬季休耕蓄水区记录4目7科25种水鸟,鸻鹬类占36%,鹭类占28%,雁鸭类占24%;传统稻田湿地共3目5科10种,其中鸻鹬类和鹭类分别占30%,无雁鸭类水鸟。2)冬季蓄水区水鸟多样性及物种丰富度较高,水鸟优势种群数量明显增多,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(1.64)高于传统稻田(1.50),水鸟均匀度指数(0.84)低于传统稻田(1.37),相似性系数为0.51。3)冬季休耕蓄水区的水面面积、水位、食物、植被覆盖度是影响水鸟种数增多的重要因子,营巢地、停歇点也是影响冬季水鸟栖息的因素。因此,冬季稻田休耕蓄水管理的实施能够对生物多样性保护与提升发挥积极作用。Paddy fields are an important part of constructed wetland in China,and exploring the management mode of paddy fields in winter is of great significance to the protection of waterfowl diversity and the improvement of their habitats in wetland.From December 2017 to February 2018 and November 2018,the waterfowl population was investigated using belt transect method at the winter fallow area for water storage and at traditional paddy field in Tianfu National Wetland Park,and the waterfowl population and their habitat characteristics at the two sites are also compared.The results show that:1)In the winter fallow area for water storage,25 species of waterfowl in 4 orders and 7 families are recorded,of which cormorants,herons and geese and ducks account for 36%,28%and 24%,respectively,while 10 species in 3 orders and 5 families are found in the traditional paddy field wetland,of which cormorants and herons take up 30%,respectively,and no geese and ducks are recorded;2)The diversity and species richness of waterfowls in the winter fallow area for water storage are higher,with the significant increase in dominant population of waterfowls.Its diversity index of Shannon-Wiener(1.64)is higher than that of traditional paddy fields(1.50),the uniformity index of waterfowls(0.84)is lower than that of traditional paddy fields(1.37),and the similarity coefficient is 0.51;and 3)The water surface area,water level,food and vegetation coverage of the winter fallow area for water storage are important factors affecting the increase of waterfowl species,and nesting site and stop point are also factors affecting the inhabitation of waterfowls in winter.Therefore,adopting fallow management for water storage in winter would play a positive role in the conservation and improvement of biodiversity.

关 键 词：稻田 冬季休耕蓄水区 冬季水鸟 栖息地 天福国家湿地公园 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]