教育促进共同富裕之“提低扩中”效应——兼论我国社会收入分配结构现状  

The Effect of Education on Promoting Common Prosperity:Disucssion on the Present Situation of the Distribution Structure of Social Income

作　　者：何沛芸 云如先 黄斌 Peiyun He;Ruxian Yu;Bin Huang(Institute of Education,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023)

机构地区：[1]南京大学教育研究院,南京210023

出　　处：《教育与经济》2024年第2期30-39,共10页Education & Economy

基　　金：江苏省教育科学规划战略性与政策性重大招标课题“教育促进共同富裕的作用机制和实现路径研究”(A/2022/a2);江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目“新发展阶段我国高校教师学缘结构与学术创新发展研究”(KYCX23_0030)。

摘　　要：扩大中等收入群体比重,是我国扎实推进共同富裕的重要手段与必经之路,教育则是缩小居民收入差距、调节社会收入分配结构,进而实现共同富裕的主要措施。采用2012-2018年微观与宏观数据就我国收入分配结构现状以及教育的提低、扩中作用进行分析。研究发现,党的十八大以来,我国收入分配结构不断优化,中等收入群体持续扩大,但低收入群体仍占较大比重;上海、北京的中等收入群体占比已超50%,其余地区的收入分配结构正处于由金字塔型向橄榄型过渡的阶段;教育对社会收入分配具有提低、扩中的作用,它能显著降低低收入群体占比,增加中等收入群体比重。教育调节社会收入分配结构主要通过高等教育实现,高等教育的提低、扩中作用显著高于基础教育;相较于教育数量扩展,教育质量提升对于社会收入分配结构更具改善作用。因此,要将教育优先发展作为推动共同富裕的动力基础;重视高等教育人才培养,促进高等教育的优质均衡化发展;提升教育发展质量,打造高质量的教育体系。Expanding the proportion of middle-income groups is an important means and necessary way to solidly promote common prosperity in our country.Education is a major measure to narrow the income gap of residents,adjust the structure of social income distribution,and realize common prosperity.The micro and macro data from 2012 to 2018 are used to analyze the current status of China's income distribution structure and the role of education in downsizing the low-income group and expanding the middle-income group.The results show that since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,China's income distribution structure has been continuously optimized,and the middle-income group has continued to expand,but the low-income group still occupies a large proportion.The proportion of middle-income groups in Shanghai and Beijing has exceeded 50%,and the income distribution structure in other regions is in the transition stage from“pyramid”to“olive”.Education plays a role in optimizing social income distribution by significantly reducing the proportion of low-income groups and increasing the proportion of middle-income groups.The adjustment of the social income distribution structure by education is mainly realized through higher education,and the role of higher education in lowering and expanding is significantly higher than that of basic education.Compared with the expansion of education quantity,the improvement of education quality is more effective in improving the social income distribution structure.Therefore,we should given priority to education as the driving force to promote common prosperity;pay attention to the cultivation of talents in higher education,and promote the high-quality and balanced development of higher education;improve the quality of education and build a high-quality education system.

关 键 词：教育 共同富裕 “提低扩中” 社会收入分配结构 

分 类 号：F08[经济管理—政治经济学] G40-054[文化科学—教育学原理]