严慈相济:家庭教养方式与城乡儿童非认知能力发展  

Strictness and Kindness:Parenting Style and Non-cognitive Ability of Urban and Rural Children

作　　者：叶晓梅 朱红[2] 王伊雯 Xiaomei Ye;Hong Zhu;Yiwen Wang(School of Government,Central University of Finance and Economics,Beijing 100081;Institute of Economics of Education,Peking University,Beijing 100871;Beijing Academy of Educational Sciences,Beijing 100036)

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学政府管理学院,北京100081 [2]北京大学教育经济研究所,北京100871 [3]北京教育科学研究院,北京100036

出　　处：《教育与经济》2024年第2期58-67,共10页Education & Economy

基　　金：全国教育科学“十四五”规划2022年度国家青年课题“社会情感能力视角下乡村学生校园欺凌的防治研究”(课题批准号:CHA220292)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：构建覆盖城乡的家庭教育指导服务体系,以促进城乡教育公平与共同富裕为社会各界所关注,而了解城乡家庭教养现状与预测改进效果是基础环节。利用“中国教育追踪调查”数据的研究发现:城乡家长在“严”教养方面没有显著差异,但乡村家长的“慈”教养比例显著低于城市。严慈相济的教养方式能显著促进城乡儿童的非认知能力发展,而乡村家庭教养方式中重“严”轻“慈”是引起乡村儿童非认知能力低于城市的重要原因。预测乡村家长“慈”教养比例提升至城市均值水平,城乡儿童非认知能力发展的五个维度——外倾性、宜人性、神经质、开放性与尽责性的差距将依次缩小31.58%、40.40%、47.67%、30.00%和74.19%。未来家庭教育指导服务需定向发力,关注城乡差异现状,助益乡村地区家长构建严慈相济的教养理念,促进儿童人格健全发展。The construction of a family education guidance service system that covers both urban and rural areas to promote educational equity and common prosperity is of concern to all sectors of society,and understanding the current state of parenting style in both urban and rural areas and predicting the effects of improvement is a fundamental part of this endeavor.Based on the China Education Panel Survey(CEPS)data,it found that there was no significant difference in“strictness”parenting between urban and rural areas,but the proportion of“kindness”parenting among rural parents is significantly lower than that of urban parents.The parenting style of“strictness”and“kindness”both can significantly promote the development of the non-cognitive ability of urban and rural children,and the emphasis on“strictness”and light“kindness”in rural family upbringing is an important reason why the non-cognitive ability of rural children is lower than that of urban children.It is predicted that if the proportion of“kindness”parenting in rural areas increases to the level of the urban average,the gap between urban and rural children's non-cognitive abilities of extraversion,agreeableness,neuroticism,openness,and conscientiousness will be reduced by 31.58%,40.40%,47.67%,30.00%,and 74.19%,respectively.In the future,family education guidance services must focus on urban and rural differences,help parents in rural areas build a strict and loving parenting concept,and promote the sound development of children's personalities.

关 键 词：严慈相济 家庭教养 非认知能力 城乡差异 

分 类 号：F08[经济管理—政治经济学] G40-054[文化科学—教育学原理]