无卤阻燃微孔聚氨酯弹性体减振材料的制备  

Preparation of Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Microcellular Polyurethane Elastomer Shock Absorbing Materials

作　　者：李平阳 林倬仕 叶文 董玲玲 肖雄 孙刚伟 艾波 许保云 LI Pingyang;LIN Zhuoshi;YE Wen;DONG Lingling;XIAO Xiong;SUN Cangwen;AI Bo;XU Baoyun(Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200062,China;State Key Laboratory of Polyolefins Catalyst Technology and High Performance Materials,Shanghai 200062,China;Sino-Spanish Joint Research Center for Advanced Materials Technology,Shanghai 200062,China;Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Functional Flame Retardant Material,Shanghai 200062,China;Huitong New Materials(Shanghai)Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200062,China)

机构地区：[1]上海化工研究院有限公司,上海200062 [2]聚烯烃催化技术与高性能材料国家重点实验室,上海200062 [3]中西先进材料技术联合实验室,上海200062 [4]上海功能阻燃材料工程技术研究中心,上海200062 [5]会通新材料(上海)有限公司,上海200062

出　　处：《上海塑料》2023年第6期27-35,共9页Shanghai Plastics

基　　金：中西先进材料技术联合实验室(2023YFE0116500);上海功能阻燃材料工程技术研究中心(19DZ2253700);上海市“科技创新计划”国际合作项目(21520730600);上海市"科技创新计划启明星项目(23QB1402900)。

摘　　要：采用预聚体法制备得到微孔聚氨酯弹性体,比较了多元醇种类及其配比、阻燃体系和协效剂种类对弹性体性能的影响。结果表明:在聚四氢呋喃1000、聚醚多元醇C2020质量比为1:2,阻燃剂添加质量份数为甲基膦酸二甲酯10份、聚磷酸铵30份、膨胀石墨10份时,制备得到的阻燃微孔聚氨酯弹性体的极限氧指数可达到29.2%,拉伸强度为2.2MPa,断裂伸长率为170%,材料综合性能最佳。通过扫描电镜、热重分析仪、红外热重联用仪、锥形量热仪对所制备得到的微孔聚氨酯弹性体进行表征,结果表明:阻燃微孔聚氨酯弹性体表面在燃烧过程中能生成致密的炭层,从而提高阻燃性能,在燃烧过程中的平均热释放速率下降54%,热释放总量下降29%,有效地延缓火焰的发展速度,燃烧过程中释放的烟气释放速度和释放总量亦显著降低,更加有利于火场人员的逃生。Microcellular polyurethane elastomers were prepared using the prepolymerization method.The effects of polyol types,ratios,flame retardant systems,and synergistic agent types on the properties of elastomers were compared.The results show that when the mass ratio of polytetramethylene ether glycol 1000 and polyether polyol C2020 is 1:2,and the addition of flame retardants is composed of 10 doses of dimethyl methylphosphonate,30 doses of ammonium polyphos-phate and 10 doses of expandable graphite,the limiting oxygen index of flame-retardant microcellular polyurethane elas-tomers can reach 29.2%,the tensile strength is 2.2 MPa,and the elongation at break is 170%.The comprehensive properties of the material are the best.The prepared microcellular polyurethane elastomer was characterized by scanning electron microscope,thermogravimetric analysis,thermogravimetric-fourier transform infrared spectrometer,and cone calorimeter.The results show that the surface of the flame retardant microcellular polyurethane elastomer can generate a dense carbon layer during combustion,thereby improving its flame retardancy.The average heat release rate during com-bustion decreases by 54%,and the total heat release decreases by 29%,effectively delaying the development speed of the flame.The release rate and total amount of smoke released during combustion are also significantly reduced,which is more conducive to the escape of fire personnel.

关 键 词：微孔聚氨酯弹性体 减振 无卤 阻燃 

分 类 号：TQ323.8[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]