土家语中动语态句法分析与类型学意义探索  

Middle Voice in Tujia Language:Syntactic Analysis and Typological Exploration

作　　者：刘芳 陈池华 方丽华 LIU Fang;CHEN Chihua;FANG Lihua(School of Foreign Languages,Hubei Minzu University,Enshi Hubei,445000,China;School of Foreign Languages,Hubei University,Wuhan Hubei,430062,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北民族大学外国语学院,湖北恩施445000 [2]湖北大学外国语学院,湖北武汉430062

出　　处：《文化创新比较研究》2024年第10期19-22,47,共5页Comparative Study of Cultural Innovation

基　　金：湖北省教育厅人文社科重点项目“类型学视角下的土家语研究”(项目编号:19D065);湖北省教育厅人文社科青年项目“鄂西南土家族民歌认知隐喻研究”(项目编号:21Q004)。

摘　　要：语态是指动词所表达的动作或状态与句子主语之间的语义关系。根据具体关系的不同,语态主要分为主动语态和被动语态,少数语言存在被动语态。在土家语中,除主动语态、被动语态外,中动语态也是土家语语态系统的重要内容,其句法结构、判定条件和句法语义特征是中动语态的重要方面。通过对实例的分析,该文发现土家语中动句结构的句法表现形式为“NP+VP+AP”。在这种结构中,句法成分的隐含与显性受到三种限制,包括动词选择、依存关系及情态的选择。此外,这种中动句主要用于表达受事主语的内在特征,同时在跨语言比较中也具有一定的类型学意义。Voice refers to the semantic relationship between the action or state expressed by a verb and the subject of a sentence.According to this specific relationship,it is mainly divided into active voice and passive voice,with a few languages having passive voice.In Tujia language,in addition to the active and passive voices,the middle voice is also an important part of the Tujia language voice system.Its syntactic structure,judgment conditions,and syntactic and semantic features are important aspects of the middle voice.Through the analysis of examples,we found that the syntactic expression of the verb sentence structure in Tujia language is"NP+VP+AP".In this structure,the implicit and explicit syntactic components are subject to three limitations,including verb choice,dependency relationships,and modal choice.In addition,we also found that this type of middle verb sentence is mainly used to express the intrinsic characteristics of the subject,and it also has certain typological significance in cross linguistic comparison.

关 键 词：土家语 中动句 语态 句法结构 语义特征 类型学 

分 类 号：H273[语言文字—少数民族语言]