族群互动背景下的明清澳门建筑文化特色  

The Architectural Cultural Characteristics of Macao during the Ming and Qing Dynasties Against the Background of Ethnic Interaction

作　　者：胡超文 Hu Chaowen(Department of Architecture and Urban Design,Chinese Culture University,Taipei,11114,Taiwan,China;School of Architecture and Civil Engineering,Huizhou University,Huizhou,516007,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]中国文化大学建筑及都市设计学系,中国台湾台北11114 [2]惠州学院建筑与土木工程学院,广东惠州516007

出　　处：《民族学刊》2023年第10期120-129,160,共11页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：亚热带建筑科学国家重点实验室项目岭南建筑学派经典作品的空间特征量化研究(2019ZB10)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：族群概念自20世纪80年代引入中国后,人类学、社会学、民族学界就对其进行了持续的理论探讨,并积极开展中国族群研究的“本土化”实践,其中,族群关系对建筑文化生成与变迁的影响具有重要的研究价值。中国澳门城市发展史具有浓郁的民族文化碰撞融合的色彩,是研究族群互动的经典场域。本文通过族群互动理论的视角,在简要回顾中国澳门历史发展过程、梳理明清中国澳门族群构成与互动形式的基础上,分四个时期深入剖析了1557年至1849年中国澳门建筑文化碰撞与融合的历史进程,指出族群之间或和谐或矛盾的关系都会在建筑文化上体现出来,建筑文化表达的是族群互动的结果;建筑发展过程与族群生存、生产及精神等需求紧密相关;建筑是物质财富的重要体现,中国澳门建筑发展既与中葡两类族群的职业属性及整体经济地位有关,也与各自族群的营造传统相连;建筑文化决不仅是温文尔雅、自然和谐地形成的,更多的是在矛盾、磨合、对抗中形成的;政权稳定及国家综合实力的强大是族群互动的基石与依靠,明清中国澳门建筑发展过程更体现出了中华民族强大的文化包容性。Since the 1980s,the introduction of the concept of ethnicity into China has spurred ongoing theoretical discourse within anthropological,sociological,and ethnological circles,leading to an active pursuit of“localization”in ethnicity studies in China.The impact of ethnic relations on the genesis and evolution of architectural culture holds significant research value.Macao's urban development history is imbued with a rich tapestry of ethnic-cultural collisions and integration,rendering it a prime case for studying ethnic interaction.Spanning from the initial Portuguese settlement to 1849,Macao experienced a complex and ever-changing internal and external environment,shaping its economic,social,and architectural trajectories across varied periods.From the perspective of ethnic interaction theory,based on a brief review of the historical continuum of Macao,sorting out the ethnic composition and interaction modalities of Macao during the Ming and Qing Dynasties,this paper analyzes the historical process of the collision and integration of Macao's architectural culture between 1557 and 1849 encompassing architectural style,material utilization,form characteristics,and spatial arrangement.This historical process can be divided into four periods,the contact period(1557-1583),integration period(1583-1637),silence period(1637-1757),and transition period(1757-1849).Results show that the architectural culture of Macao,potentially characterized by ethnic interaction and interplay between Chinese and Portuguese influences as well as the mutual cultural borrowing between China and the West,has always been a primary feature of Macao's architectural evolution.Moreover,this article asserts a continuous presence of ethnic interaction in Macao,even with a gradual and even slow evolution of architectural culture.During this process,there were mutual learning and sharp confrontation.It can be said that opposition and integration ran through the whole process of ethnic interaction,culminating in the emergence of architectural cultu

关 键 词：族群互动 建筑文化 中国澳门 

分 类 号：C952[社会学—民族学]