新型两性淀粉基絮凝剂的制备  

Preparation of novel amphoteric starch-based flocculant

作　　者：句飞 刘诗文 谭凤芝 曹亚峰 JU Fei;LIU Shiwen;TAN Fengzhi;CAO Yafeng(School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering,Dalian Polytechnic University,Dalian 116034,China)

机构地区：[1]大连工业大学轻工与化学工程学院,辽宁大连116034

出　　处：《大连工业大学学报》2024年第2期131-135,共5页Journal of Dalian Polytechnic University

基　　金：辽宁省自然科学基金指导计划项目(2019-ZD-0293)。

摘　　要：以过硫酸铵为引发剂,在可溶性淀粉上同时接枝丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵和丙烯酸,制备了一种新型两性淀粉基絮凝剂。采用红外光谱对接枝共聚物的结构进行表征,证明3种单体成功接枝到淀粉上。为制备高电荷密度、阴阳离子相互匹配的淀粉接枝聚合产品,固定3种单体摩尔比为1∶1∶1,淀粉与单体质量比1∶2.47,通过正交试验对合成条件进行优化,确定接枝共聚反应的最佳反应条件:淀粉与过硫酸铵质量比25∶1,引发时间22 min,反应温度63℃,pH 4~5,聚合体系有效物质量分数17%。最佳反应条件下单体总转化率为99.15%,接枝物的接枝率达到225%,接枝效率达到97.72%。研究提高了在水介质中制备淀粉基改性类高分子絮凝剂的有效物浓度,有利于节约储运成本。A novel type of amphoteric starch-based flocculant was prepared by grafting acrylamide, methacryloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride and acrylic acid onto starch with through (NH 4) 2S 2O 8 as initiator. The structure of the graft copolymer was characterized by FT-IR, of which results confirmed three types of monomers were successfully grafted onto starch. In order to generate the flocculant with high charge density and optimum anionic/cationic ratios, the conditions were optimized through orthogonal test under the conditions of 1∶1∶1 molar ratio of three types of monomers, and 1∶2.47 mass ratio of starch to monomer. The optimized reaction conditions were as follows: 25∶1 mass ratio of starch to ammonium persulfate, initiation time of 22 min, reaction temperature of 63 ℃, pH 4-5, and effective substance content of 17% in the polymerization system. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the total conversion rate of monomer was 99.15%, while the grafting rate of the graft copolymer reached 225% and the grafting efficiency reached 97.72%. The concentration of effective substances for preparing starch-based modified polymer flocculants in aqueous media was elevated, which was beneficial to reducing cost of storage and transportation.

关 键 词：絮凝剂 可溶性淀粉 丙烯酰胺 丙烯酸 

分 类 号：TQ317[化学工程—高聚物工业]