甲酸乙酯与二氧化碳混合熏蒸可食用鲜切花  

Fumigation of Edible Cut Flowers with Ethyl Formate Mixed with CO_(2)(Chinese and English versions)

作　　者：Hagit NAVARRO Shlomo NAVARRO Nadav INBARI 李燕羽(译) Hagit NAVARRO;Shlomo NAVARRO;Nadav INBARI(College of Environmental and Life Sciences,Murdoch University,Perth WA 6150,Australia;Green storage Ltd.,Rishon letsion 7570905,Israel)

机构地区：[1]默多克大学环境和生命科学学院,澳大利亚珀斯WA 6150 [2]绿色储藏有限公司,以色列里雄莱锡安7570905 [3]国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院粮食储运研究所

出　　处：《粮油食品科技》2024年第3期30-38,共9页Science and Technology of Cereals,Oils and Foods

基　　金：自筹资金项目,澳大利亚。

摘　　要：西花蓟马(缨翅目)是蓟马类中一种具有代表性的植物害虫,是一种能够对作物生产造成不利影响的多食性物种。因此,在欧盟,这些蓟马物种被作为检疫生物进行管理。西花蓟马以易感植物为食,并会传播几种导致严重植物疾病的病毒,从而对这些植物造成非常大的损害。以色列的供应占欧洲新鲜草本市场的50%,被认为是可食用鲜切花的主要供应市场。然而,在过去的十年中,由于没有可选的处理方法来控制检疫害虫而导致植物检疫失败,大大减少了出口量。目前尚无有效的采后杀虫处理方法。众所周知,熏蒸剂甲基溴(MB)具有植物毒性,尤其是对叶类产品和叶片,且与臭氧层的损耗有关。目前甲基溴仅能用作检疫和装运前熏蒸。甲酸乙酯(EF)被建议作为甲基溴的替代品,药效快、价格低廉、哺乳动物无毒性、环境无害、分解迅速,残留量极少或无残留。在以色列进行的30 g/m^(3)甲酸乙酯与二氧化碳(1∶1.6)混合处理不同花种的实验中,在10和15℃条件下分别处理1和1.5 h,对西花蓟马各虫态均有较好的防治效果。在15℃暴露2 h,可杀死全部害虫,对花或其保质期没有不良影响。因此甲酸乙酯熏蒸可作为一种检疫处理方法,也是甲基溴(MB)的可行替代方法。The Western flower thrips,Frankliniella occidentalis(order Thysanoptera)is a thrips species that represents major plant pests.It is a polyphagous species capable of adversely affecting crop production.As such,in the European Union,these thrips species are regulated as quarantine organisms.F.occidentalis can cause considerable damage to susceptible plants by feeding on them and transmitting several viruses responsible for serious plant diseases.Israel is responsible for 50%of the fresh herbs market in Europe,among them is considered the edible cut flowers market.However,phytosanitary failures due to quarantine pests with no optional treatment to control them,in the past decade,reduced significantly export volumes.Up to today,there is no effective disinfestation post-harvest treatment.Due to its association with the depletion of the ozone layer,the fumigant methyl bromide(MB)has been phased out and today is serving as a Quarantine and Pre-Shipment fumigant.However,MB is known for its phytotoxic character,especially on leafy products and foliage.Ethyl formate(EF)was suggested as an alternative to MB due to its rapid action,low mammalian toxicity,benign to the environment,and rapid breakdown with minimum or no residues.Trials conducted in Israel on various flower species treated with 30 g/m^(3) EF mixed with CO_(2)(1∶6 ratio)at 1,and 1.5 h in 10 and 15℃obtained high efficacy in controlling all life stages of F.occidentalis.In 2 h exposure time at 15℃resulted in complete mortality with no adverse effects on the flowers or their shelf lives.Ethyl formate fumigation was found as a suitable treatment for quarantine purposes and as an appropriate alternative to Methyl bromide.

关 键 词：食用鲜切花 甲酸乙酯 甲基溴代替品 检疫处理 

分 类 号：TS205[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]