钢瓶装纯磷化氢与制氮机系统联合应用于高大粮堆熏蒸  

Large Commercial-scale Grain Bulk Fumigation with Cylinderized Pure Phosphine Coupled with the Nitrogen Generator System

作　　者：李燕羽 金秀新 金维博 张惠妍 王涛 LI Yan-yu;JIN Xiu-xin;JIN Wei-bo;ZHANG Hui-yan;WANG Tao(Institute of Grain Storage and Logistic,Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration,Beijing 100037,China;Wenzhou Grain and Oil Storage and Logistics Co.,Ltd,Wenzhou,Zhejiang 325000,China;Wenzhou Grain Storage and Acquisition Co.,Ltd,Wenzhou,Zhejiang 325000,China;College of Horticulture and Horticulture,Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300392,China;Yilong Electronic Technology(Guizhou)Co.Ltd,Kaiyang,Guiyang 550300,China)

机构地区：[1]国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院粮食储运研究所,北京100037 [2]温州市粮食和物资储备局储运公司,浙江温州325000 [3]温州市粮食收储有限公司,浙江温州325000 [4]天津农学院园艺园林学院,天津300392 [5]艺隆电子科技(贵州)有限公司,贵州开阳550300

出　　处：《粮油食品科技》2024年第3期69-74,共6页Science and Technology of Cereals,Oils and Foods

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1701200)。

摘　　要：磷化氢已成为控制储藏物害虫的主要熏蒸剂。然而,现行以磷化铝实仓吸湿自然反应产生磷化氢的熏蒸方式存在工人作业强度高、熏蒸自动化程度低、药剂残渣须处理等一些因素限制了磷化氢的使用。为了改进磷化氢的使用,利用钢瓶装纯磷化氢结合膜分离制氮机设备,将磷化氢和氮气按预定比例混合,以控制释放装置直接将混合气体通过管道送入密闭高大粮仓内,通过环流方式使该熏蒸剂在高大粮堆内分布均匀,并保持磷化氢气体在仓内有效浓度。暴露时间为13d,对磷化氢浓度进行监测,并记录粮堆内受测昆虫成虫总死亡率。处理开始9h后,气体浓度达到736mL/m^(3),最高为1160mL/m^(3),并且能维持200 mL/m^(3)以上的有效平均浓度10 d。气体通过循环并在处理过的空间内均匀分布,从而在较短的暴露时间内控制主要的储藏物昆虫。Phosphine is a major fumigant for insects control in stored products.However,the current fumigation with aluminum phosphide to generate phosphine is facing many challenges,such as require manual operation,fumigation produce can’t be automatically performed,and management of residue contaminants.To address these issues,the study utilizes a combination of pure phosphine gas from cylinders and nitrogen from a membrane separation nitrogen generator.Phosphine and nitrogen are mixed at predetermined ratios,and the resulting gas mixture is delivered directly into sealed grain storage facilities via a controlled release device and circulated within the grain piles to ensure fumigant evenly distribution.This maintains effective phosphine concentrations within the storage facility.The exposure duration lasted for 13 days,during which phosphine concentrations were monitored,and the total mortality rate of adult insects within the grain piles was recorded.Within 9 hours of treatment initiation,gas concentrations reached 736 mL/m^(3),peaking at 1160 mL/m^(3),with an effective average concentration above 200 mL/m^(3) sustained for 10 days.The gas circulated and distributed uniformly within the treated space,enabling effective control of major stored commodity pests within a relatively short exposure period.

关 键 词：熏蒸 钢瓶装纯磷化氢 制氮机 现场稀释 分散性 

分 类 号：TS205[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]