有棱丝瓜早熟相关性状主基因+多基因遗传模型分析  

Mixed major genes+polygene genetic model analysis for early-maturity related traits in Luffa acutangula

作　　者：陈琴 郭元元[1] 李洋 康德贤[1] 张力[1] 孙晓研 宋焕忠[1] 唐娟[2] 文俊丽[1] 陈振东[1] CHEN Qin;GUO Yuan-yuan;LI Yang;KANG De-xian;ZHANG Li;SUN Xiao-yan;SONG Huan-zhong;TANG Juan;WEN Jun-li;CHEN Zhen-dong(Flower research institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China;Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院花卉研究所,广西南宁530007 [2]广西农业科学院,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2024年第2期432-439,共8页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：广西科技重大专项(桂科AA23062048);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2021YT101);广西农业科学院科技发展基金项目(桂农科2024YP103)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过主基因+多基因遗传模型分析有棱丝瓜早熟性相关性状的遗传规律,为早熟丝瓜品种选育提供理论参考。【方法】以高代自交系有棱丝瓜LC034(♀)和LC052(♂)为亲本构建6世代群体,采用主基因+多基因遗传分离法分析有棱丝瓜的4个早熟相关性状(第一雌花节位、始花期、第一坐果节位和始收期)遗传规律。【结果】LC034的4个早熟相关性状均极显著低于LC052(P<0.01)。F_(1)、BC_(1)P_(1)、BC_(1)P_(2)和F_(2)代群体的4个早熟相关性状变异系数为8.70%~25.46%、14.77%~37.67%、19.93%~38.97%和22.37%~46.81%,且4个早熟相关性状在F_(2)代群体的分离频率分布均包含多种正态分布的混合分布。MX2-ADI-ADI为第一雌花节位和第一坐果节位的最优遗传模型,受2对加性—显性—上位性主基因+加性—显性—上位性多基因控制;第一雌花节位在BC_(1)P_(1)、BC_(1)P_(2)和F_(2)代群体的主基因遗传率(h^(2)_(mg))分别为4.63%、84.69%和79.99%,多基因遗传率(h^(2)_(pg))为74.60%、0和0;第一坐果节位在BC_(1)P_(1)、BC_(1)P_(2)和F_(2)代群体的h^(2)_(mg)分别为2.38%、82.86%和76.45%,h^(2)_(pg)为57.04%、0和0。2MG-ADI为始花期的最优遗传模型,受2对加性—显性—上位性主基因控制,在BC_(1)P_(1)、BC_(1)P_(2)和F_(2)代群体的h^(2)_(mg)分别为72.02%、79.05%和86.53%。2MG-AD为有棱丝瓜始收期最优遗传模型,属于2对主基因控制的加性—显性遗传模型,在BC_(1)P_(1)、BC_(1)P_(2)和F_(2)代群体的h^(2)_(mg)分别为62.33%、84.79%和85.07%。【结论】有棱丝瓜的第一雌花节位、始花期、第一坐果节位和始收期均表现为数量性状的特点,受多基因的控制,其中第一雌花节位和第一坐果节位受2对主加性—显性—上位性主基因+加性—显性—上位性多基因控制,始花期受2对加性—显性—上位性主基因控制,始收期受2对加性—显性主基因控制。【Objective】The purpose of the study was to provide theoretical reference for the breeding of early maturing Luffa acutangula varieties through the analysis of major genes+polygene genetic model for early-maturity related traits.【Method】A six-generation genetic population was constructed using the high-generation inbred lines LC034(♀)and LC052()of L.acutangula as parents,four early-maturity related traits of L.acutangula(the first female flower node,the first blooming date,the first fruit setting node and the first harvest date)were carried out by using major genes+polygene inheritance segregation analysis.【Result】The four early-maturity related traits of LC034 were extremely significantly lower than those of LC052(P<0.01).The coefficients of variation for the four early-maturity related traits in the F_(1),BC_(1)P_(1),BC_(1)P_(2),and F_(2) populations were 8.70%-25.46%,14.77%-37.67%,19.93%-38.97%,and 22.37%-46.81%.More‐over,the separation frequency distribution of the four early-maturity related traits in the F_(2) population contained the mixed distribution of multiple normal distributions.The optimal genetic model of the first female flower node and the first fruit setting node was the MX2-ADI-ADI model,which was controlled by 2 pairs of additive-dominant-epistatic major genes+additive-dominant-epistatic polygenes.The major gene heritability(h^(2) mg)of the first female flower node in BC_(1)P_(1),BC_(1)P_(2),and F_(2) generations was 4.63%,84.69%and 79.99%,respectively,while the polygenic heritability(h^(2) pg)was 74.60%,0 and 0.The h^(2) mg of the first fruit setting node in BC_(1)P_(1),BC_(1)P_(2),and F_(2) generations was 2.38%,82.86%and 76.45%,respectively,while the h^(2) pg was 57.04%,0 and 0.The optimal genetic model of the first blooming date was 2MGADI,which was controlled by 2 pairs of additive-dominant-epistatic major genes.The h^(2) mg of BC_(1)P_(1),BC_(1)P_(2),and F_(2) genera‐tions was 72.02%,79.05%,86.53%respectively.The optimal genetic model of the first harvest date was 2MG-AD

关 键 词：有棱丝瓜 早熟相关性状 主基因+多基因遗传模型 6世代群体 

分 类 号：S642.403.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]