健康医疗大数据治理的健康权面向  

The Right to Health Orientation of Big Data Governance in Healthcare

作　　者：满洪杰 MAN Hong-jie

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学公共卫生治理研究中心,上海200042

出　　处：《求是学刊》2024年第2期103-112,共10页Seeking Truth

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“国民卫生健康治理法治化研究”(20&ZD187);国家自然科学基金重大项目“医联网环境下的隐私数据保护与医源性风险决策”(72293583)。

摘　　要：健康医疗大数据的社会价值与科学价值日益受到重视,当前关于健康医疗大数据治理的个人自决模式和积极利用模式均存在相应的问题,从健康权的角度理解健康医疗大数据治理有利于解决这些问题。健康权是当代人权的重要内容,健康医疗大数据应用可以在提高健康决策能力、实现健康资源的公平合理分配、增进健康服务水平、扩展国民健康参与等方面促进健康权的实现,但也可能在对隐私保护、违反不歧视和平等保护原则、过度商业化等方面影响健康权实现,其利益分配也值得关注。从国家对健康权的尊重义务、保护义务和实现(促进)义务的角度,有助于理解国家对健康医疗大数据的治理措施。具体而言,应当从社会共治的角度理解知情同意原则,根据数据来源不同采用不同授权机制,对不同的数据应用场景进行类型化规制,并在数据利用的收益分配方面充分考虑公众健康需求。The social and scientific values of big data in healthcare are increasingly being paid attention to.There are corresponding problems in the current individual self-determination model and active utilization model of big data governance in healthcare,which can be solved by understanding big data governance in healthcare from the perspective of the right to health.The right to health is an important element of contemporary human rights.The application of big data in healthcare can promote the realization of the right to health in terms of improving health decision-making ability,achieving fair and reasonable distribution of health resources,enhancing the level of health services,and expanding the participation of the nation in health,etc.However,it may also affect the realization of the right to health in terms of the protection of privacy,violation of the principles of non-discrimination and equal protection,and over-commercialization,etc.,and the distribution of its benefits is also worthy of attention.From the perspective of the state’s obligation to respect,protect and fulfil(promote)the right to health,it helps to understand the state’s governance measures for big data in healthcare.Specifically,the principle of informed consent should be understood from the perspective of shared social governance.Different authorization mechanisms should be adopted according to different sources of data.Different data application scenarios should be typologically regulated,and public health needs should be fully taken into account in terms of the distribution of benefits from data utilization.

关 键 词：健康医疗大数据 治理 健康权 国家义务 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学] D922.16[政治法律—法学]