同义密码子使用模式控制核糖体扫描节律的分子机制  

Molecular Mechanism of Synonymous Codons Usage Patterns Control Ribosome Scanning Rhythms

作　　者：高明阳 吴玉湖 杨宣叶 王进千 胡欣妍 周建华 GAO Ming-Yang;WU Yu-Hu;YANG Xuan-Ye;WANG Jin-Qian;HU Xin-Yan;ZHOU Jian-Hua(Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission,Biomedical Research Center,Northwest Minzu University,Lanzhou 730030,China;Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell,Lanzhou 730030,China;College of Life Science and Engineering,Northwest Minzu University,Lanzhou 730010,China;Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730046,China)

机构地区：[1]西北民族大学生物医学研究中心生物工程与技术国家民委重点实验室,兰州730030 [2]甘肃省动物细胞技术创新中心,兰州730030 [3]西北民族大学生命科学与工程学院,兰州730010 [4]中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所,兰州730046

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2024年第5期1178-1187,共10页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32360874);甘肃省自然科学基金(23JRRA715);西北民族大学引进人才科研项目(xbmuyjrc202225)。

摘　　要：翻译过程中新生多肽链的正确折叠是蛋白质具备生物学活性的基石,但往往新生多肽链正确形成空间构象需通过共翻译折叠机制才能实现。在核糖体翻译mRNA序列时同义密码子使用模式的生物遗传学效应至关重要。越来越多的研究表明,虽然同义密码子使用模式的改变不能影响多肽的氨基酸组成,但其使用模式的偏嗜性对相同多肽链空间构象的影响深远,特别是在调控核糖体翻译过程中的运动节律方面。本综述旨在说明同义密码子使用模式在翻译过程中的重要作用及其对翻译动力学的影响机制,同时明确其在蛋白质能否正确折叠成天然构象过程中的重要作用。同义密码子也与许多疾病有重要联系,本文为蛋白质合成以及核糖体运动节律失调所致疾病的相关研究提供思路。In translation process,the correct folding of the native polypeptide chain is regarded as the cornerstone for the biological activity of proteins.However,the correct spatial conformation of the native polypeptide chain is generally performed by the co-translation folding mechanism.The biogenetic effects of synonymous codon usage patterns on translation play important roles in ribosomal scanning mRNA.More and more studies have shown that although synonymous codon usage variations fail to impair amino acid sequence of protein,the preference of synonymous usage pattern perform a profound effect on the folding dynamic for the native polypeptide chain,especially on the regulation of the ribosomal scanning speeds.The purpose of this review is to explain the important role of synonymous codon usage patterns in the translation process and the mechanism of their influence on translation dynamics,and to identify their important role in the correct folding of proteins into their natural conformations.Synonymous codons are also associated with many diseases,this paper provides ideas for the research of protein synthesis and diseases caused by dysrhythmicity of ribosomes.

关 键 词：多肽链 共翻译折叠 核糖体 同义密码子 停滞 

分 类 号：S855.3[农业科学—临床兽医学]