“一以中为准则”的张栻易变说  

Zhang Shi's Hexagram Changes Theory"Taking the Moderate as the Criterion"

作　　者：向世陵[1] 王启溦 XIANG Shi-ling;WANG Qi-wei

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国学院,北京100872

出　　处：《周易研究》2024年第2期38-42,91,共6页Studies of Zhouyi

摘　　要：“一以中为准则”,是张栻思考卦变、损益和通变问题所坚持的基本原则。“适中”是最根本的道理,它通过损益而得以落实。损益以通变,适中而求理。张栻是否认同汉易的卦变说虽无法判定,但二者的共性在于都注重卦爻的消长上下并为之做出解释。“中”之度取决于人而非对象,当损不损,不当损而损,都是人不能恰当守中的结果。损益之理的根本点是适中致一。“执中”需要“通变”,“执两用中”不是在确定的两极之间量度取中,而是在恰当与不恰当、可与不可的变数中适时地选取恰当或可的一方。君子修身进德,需择时而取中。"Taking the moderate as criterion"is the basic principle that Zhang Shi(1133-1180)adheres to when talking about issues of hexagram changes,gains and losses,and general changes."Suitably moderate"is the fundamental principle,which can be implemented through gains and losses.Gains and losses could relate to changes,while suiting the moderate could relate to searching for principles.Although it cannot be determined whether Zhang Shi agreed with the hexagram changes theory of Changes scholarship in the Han dynasty(206 BCE-220 CE),the commonality between the two lies in their emphasis on their interpretation of the rise and fall of hexagram lines.The degree of"moderateness"depends on people rather than objects.Not losing when it is time for losing and losing when it is time for not losing are both the results of people's inability to properly adhere to the moderate.The fundamental principle of gains and losses is moderate consistency.The principle of"holding two ends and using the middle"is not to measure between two certain ends,but to timely select the appropriate or feasible aspect from appropriate and inappropriate variables,as well as possible and impossible variables.The men of gentle character should choose the right time and make moderate choices when cultivating charactersandpromotingvirtues.

关 键 词：张栻 卦变 中 适中 损益 通变 

分 类 号：B244.99[哲学宗教—中国哲学]