史学批评与“望溪学问”王国的形成  

Historical Criticism and the Formation of the Kingdom of"Wangxi Learning"

作　　者：王思豪 谢婉仪 WANG Sihao;XIE Wanyi(Faculty of Arts and Humanities,University of Macao,Macao 999078,China)

机构地区：[1]澳门大学人文学院,中国澳门999078

出　　处：《安徽师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期36-51,共16页Journal of Anhui Normal University(Hum.&Soc.Sci.)

摘　　要：方苞治史心得有三:一是“融会经传”,多引五经及《左传》内容,采用“以经传证解史”“以史证解经传”,以及“经传与史互证互解”三途,阐释《史记》《汉书》,开“义法”由经至史一路,并为“义法建构”提供重要材料。二是对“义法”进行建构,完成“义法”思想由经到史的转换,又通过编《古文约选》《钦定四书文》,使“义法”思想由史转化到古文、时文,铺就“经传义法”“史之义法”“文之义法”三层次。又以“法随义变”的灵活处理方法,将义法“生命化”,并上继前朝,以“雅洁”丰富“义法”,在评史过程中形成了完整的“义法”思想体系。三是秉承太史公“互见”立言之奥秘,倾其一贯之思,而坚守正统,其立场在宋学,但其精神维系桐城文脉,可资汉学。方苞的史学批评,是“望溪学问”之中“经—史—文”治学实践的关键环节。Fang Bao's exploration of historical studies unfolds across three distinctive dimensions.First,through the methodological framework of"integrating the classics",Fang Bao extensively draws upon the wisdom encapsulated within the Five Classics and the Zuo Zhuan.Employing a multifaceted approach involving"interpreting history through classical texts""elucidating classical texts through historical contexts"and"reciprocal elucidation between classics and history",Fang Bao sheds light on History Records and Han History.This intricate analysis facilitates the transposition of the concept of"Yi Fa"from classical literature to historical narratives,thereby furnishing invaluable source materials for the conceptual edifice of"Yi Fa".Second,Fang Bao actively engages in the construction of"Yi Fa",effectuating a paradigmatic shift from its traditional moorings in classical texts to a more nuanced historical understanding.By compiling Gu Wen Yue Xuan and Qin Ding Si Shu Wen,Fang Bao broadens the scope of"Yi Fa"discourse,spanning ancient and contemporary textual sources.This endeavor establishes a hierarchical framework comprising the"classical""historical"and"literary"strata within the conceptual realm of"Yi Fa".As the interpretation of"Fa"evolves in tandem with"Yi",the concept of"Yi Fa"assumes a dynamic vitality.Augmenting previous scholarly traditions,Fang Bao enriches the discourse on"Yi Fa"with insightful interpretations,culminating in the formulation of a comprehensive ideological framework through critical engagement with History Records and Han History.Third,Fang Bao's scholarly lineage embodies a faithful transmission of"Hu Jian"principles,steadfastly upholding orthodox doctrines while espousing a broader ideological outlook.Positioned within the Song School,Fang Bao's intellectual ethos remains rooted in the spirit of the Tongcheng School,demonstrating compatibility with the Han School.His meticulous examination of History Records and Han History serves as a pivotal nexus within the scholarly praxis of"Wangxi Learning"

关 键 词：方苞 融会经传 义法 《史记》 《汉书》 

分 类 号：K204.2[历史地理—历史学] I207.5[历史地理—中国史]