新兴技术类企业竞争优势的建立:基于认知框架视角的单案例研究  

Building Competitive Advantage in Emerging Technology Firms:A Single Case Study Based on the Perspective of Cognitive Frame

作　　者：李晓华 王金晓 LI Xiaohua;WANG Jinxiao(School of Economics&Management,Northwest University,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710126,China;School of Economics and Management,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学经济管理学院,陕西西安710126 [2]清华大学经济管理学院,北京100084

出　　处：《北京工商大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期122-134,共13页JOURNAL OF BEIJING TECHNOLOGY AND BUSINESS UNIVERSITY:SOCIAL SCIENCES

基　　金：陕西省社会科学基金项目“创新平台驱动陕西省‘卡脖子’关键技术攻关的实现路径研究”(2022R018);中国科学技术协会第九届青年人才托举工程项目(2023QNRC001)。

摘　　要：新兴技术类企业通常面临来自技术端和市场端的双重约束,探究如何建立竞争优势对企业成长意义重大。以认知框架和战略转型为理论视角,通过对北京得意音通技术有限责任公司的纵向单案例研究,考察了新兴技术类企业在不同发展阶段面临的约束,分析了认知框架和战略转型的互动作用,解析了竞争优势建立的内在机理。研究结果表明:首先,新兴技术类企业在发展过程中面临技术承诺惰性,导致企业逐渐失去技术先进性带来的先发优势;其次,战略转型能有效降低新兴技术类企业的技术承诺惰性,而竞争式建构能使企业重新获得市场竞争优势;最后,新兴技术类企业从技术端向市场端转移的过程中会面临合法性约束,企业采用聚焦式建构方式,创造了市场,提高了声誉,培育了企业核心竞争力。因此,新兴技术类企业应该更加关注技术与市场的整合,通过为用户提供技术解决方案和产品来提升市场份额;企业管理者应同时关注并获取技术端和市场端的信息,培育新兴技术类企业的竞争优势。It is of great significance for emerging technology firms to explore how to establish competitive advantages for their growth,as they confront dual constraints from both technological and market sides.From the theoretical perspective of cognitive frame and strategic pivoting,this paper analyzes the constraints faced by emerging technology firms at different stages of development,as well as the interaction between cognitive frame and strategic pivoting,and analyzes their internal mechanism of establishing competitive advantages through a longitudinal single case study of d-Ear Technologies.The results of this study show that,firstly,emerging technology firms face inertia of technological commitment in the process of development,which gradually leads these firms to lose the first-mover advantage brought by technological advancement.Secondly,strategic pivoting can effectively reduce the inertia of technological commitment of emerging technology firms,while competitive construction enables firms to regain competitive advantages in the market.Finally,emerging technology firms will face constraints of legitimacy in the process of transition from the technological side to the market side,and by adopting focused construction,firms have created markets,improved their reputation and fostered their core competitiveness.Therefore,emerging technology firms should pay more attention to the integration of technology and market,and increase market share by providing users with technical solutions and products.Enterprise managers should pay attention to and obtain information from both the technological side and the market side to cultivate firms competitive advantages.

关 键 词：新兴技术类企业 认知框架 战略转型 竞争优势 竞争式建构 聚焦式建构 

分 类 号：F273.1[经济管理—企业管理] F276.44[经济管理—国民经济] F272