微波技术在食品和农产品加工中应用研究进展  

Research progress in the microwave technologies for foodstuffs and agricultural products

作　　者：郑先哲[1] 张雨涵 刘成海[1] 沈柳杨[1] 赵兴隆 薛亮亮 ZHENG Xianzhe;ZHANG Yuhan;LIU Chenghai;SHEN Liuyang;ZHAO Xinglong;XUE Liangliang(College of Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第6期14-28,共15页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32072352);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1600500);新一轮黑龙江省“双一流学科协同创新成果项目”(LJGXCG2023-002)。

摘　　要：微波加热技术具有速度快、可控性高等特点,在食品和农产品的热加工过程中具有较强的应用潜力。该文在分析微波加热原理的基础上,从技术应用、设备研制和仿真研究等方面介绍微波加热应用现状,如在农产品干燥、杀菌、萃取和膨化等方面进行深入研究和应用。指出微波加热在机理解析、工艺局限性、加热不均匀性和能量利用低等问题,尤其是微波场对物料内极性成分作用机制的研究深度、微波加热时在物料内温度和水分分布的不均匀性规律定量表征等方面,严重影响产品质量稳定性和能量充分利用。从揭示微波在加热腔体内传递和物料内吸收的机理,提高微波加热均匀性和改善加工质量,以及研制智能化工业用微波加工设备等方面,指出微波加热技术在食品和农产品加工中应用热点研究方向。针对微波加热技术在农产品和食品加工中科学问题、技术需求和设备现状,为发挥技术优势、拓展应用领域,该文提出微波加热理论研究与技术应用的发展趋势,以期提高微波热加工技术工业化应用适用性、保证产品质量和能量利用率。Microwave heating is characterized by high speed and controllability,particularly with the strong potential for the thermal processing of food and agricultural products.This review was introduced on the current status of microwave heating applications,from the aspects of technical application,equipment development,and simulation research.The drying,sterilization,extraction and expansion were widely used the microwave heating.Mechanism analysis,process limitations,nonuniform heating and low energy utilization limited the microwave field,such as the polar molecules inside the material.It was lacking in the quantitative characterization of the uneven distribution of temperature and moisture inside the material during microwave heating,The stability of product quality was dominated by the full utilization of energy.The development trend of microwave heating was proposed for food and agricultural products.Microwave transmission and absorption were revealed within the heating chamber.The uniformity and quality of microwave heating greatly contributed to the intelligent industrial equipment of microwave processing.In the scientific,technical and equipment needs of microwave heating,the technological advantages were required to expand the application fields in foodstuffs and agricultural products.Microwave heating trends were proposed in the theoretical research and technological application.A strong reference was provided for the microwave technology in foodstuffs and agricultural products.The uneven microwave drying was attributed to the electromagnetic waves reflecting on the inner wall of the microwave cavity,thus forming a standing wave and an electric field that generated by the incident wave,and finally resulting in a different distribution of electric field intensity.When entering the material inside the microwave cavity,the intensity decayed exponentially,due to its dielectric properties.The state and physical properties of materials(including dielectric properties,thermal properties,size,shape,composition,and m

关 键 词：微波 加工 食品 农产品 均匀性 能耗 

分 类 号：TS210.1[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]