水肥调控对马铃薯块茎品质及水肥利用效率的影响  

Effect of Water and Fertilizer Regulation on Potato Tuber Quality,Water and Fertilizer Use Efficiency

作　　者：张腾 邢英英[1,2] 谢奎 密菲瑶 李卓远 王秀康[1,2] ZHANG Teng;XING Yingying;XIE Kui;MI Feiyao;LI Zhuoyuan;WANG Xiukang(Key Laboratory of Applied Ecology of Loess Plateau,Shaanxi Province,Yan’an Shaanxi 716000,China;College of Life Sciences,Yan’an University,Yan’an Shaanxi 716000,China)

机构地区：[1]延安大学黄土高原应用生态陕西省高等学校重点实验室,陕西延安716000 [2]延安大学生命科学学院,陕西延安716000

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2024年第5期842-850,共9页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(201010153);延安大学研究生教育创新计划(YCX2021074);延安大学大学生创新计划(D2021095);陕西省大学生创新计划(S202210719103,S202210719010)。

摘　　要：以陕北地区普遍种植的马铃薯品种‘希森6号’为供试材料,设置3个灌水量为W1(100%ET c)、W2(80%ET c)、W3(60%ET c),3个施肥水平N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O分别为F1(240-120-300 kg·hm^(-2))、F2(180-90-225 kg·hm^(-2))、F3(120-60-150 kg·hm^(-2)),以60%ET c和不施肥处理为对照,共10个处理。结果表明,水肥调控对马铃薯块茎产量、品质及水肥利用效率有显著的影响。马铃薯产量和水分利用效率随着施肥量的增加而增加,F1处理更有利于马铃薯生长,但F1处理肥料偏生产力明显低于F2和F3处理,F1处理的平均肥料偏生产力比F2和F3处理低23.51%和26.72%;淀粉含量随着灌水量的增加而先减后增;维生素C含量随着施肥量的增加而增加,随着灌水量的增多而减少;可溶性糖含量随着灌水量或施肥量的增加均呈抛物线趋势。运用隶属函数法评价马铃薯品质及水肥利用效率表明,处理W1F2排名第一,因此推荐灌水量为100%ET c,施肥量为180-90-225(N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O)kg·hm^(-2)是陕北地区马铃薯优质高产的最佳灌水施肥组合。Irrigation and fertilization are the main field managementtechniques used to regulate crop growth.The object of this study was to explore the mechanism of water and fertilizer coupling in influencing potato growth and tuber quality,with the aim of providing theoretical basis for rational water and fertilizer management.In this experiment,‘Xisen No.6’,widely planted in Northern Shaanxi Province,was used as the experimental material.Three irrigation levels were established:W1(100%ETc),W2(80%ETc),and W3(60%ETc).Additionally,three fertilization levels,represented as N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O(kg·hm^(-2)):F1(240-120-300 kg·hm^(-2)),F2(180-90-225 kg·hm^(-2)),and F3(120-60-150 kg·hm^(-2)).The control group(CK)consisted of the 60%ETc irrigation level with no fertilization.In total,ten treatment combinations were designed for the study.The results showed that water and fertilizer regulation had significant effects on the potato tuber quality,water and fertilizer use efficiency of potato;potato yield and water use efficiency increased with the increase of fertilizer application rate;F1 treatment was more conducive to potato growth,but the partial fertilizer productivity of F1 treatment was significantly lower than that of F2 and F3 treatments,and the average partial fertilizer productivity of F1 treatment was 23.51%and 26.72%lower than that of F2 and F3 treatments.Starch content decreased first and then increased with the increase of irrigation amount;the content of vitamin C increased with the increase of fertilizer amount,but decreased with the increase of irrigation amount;the soluble sugar content showed a parabolic trend with the increase of irrigation amount or fertilizer application rate.Membership function method showed that the membership value of W1F2 treatment was the highest,therefore,a combination of 60%ETc irrigation levels and a fertilizer application rate of 180-90-225(N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O)kg·hm^(-2)is recommended for achieving high quality and high yield potato in Northern Shaanxi.

关 键 词：马铃薯 水肥调控 块茎品质 水肥利用效率 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]