论卢卡奇文化批判理论的历史演进  

On The Historical Evolution of Lukacs'Cultural Critical Theory

作　　者：屈直 QU Zhi

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学马克思主义学院哲学系,401120

出　　处：《国外社会科学前沿》2024年第4期63-76,共14页JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCES

摘　　要：卢卡奇从文化的角度审视资本主义社会,在文化的层面上批判资本主义社会,进而形成了独具特色的文化批判理论。由于在思想上,卢卡奇曾历经从新康德主义向黑格尔主义,再由黑格尔主义向马克思主义的两次转向。故而,他对资本主义社会的文化批判呈现出一种阶段性的特征。文艺美学批判是卢卡奇文化批判理论的最初探索阶段。在这一时期,卢卡奇未能突破理论上的形而上学。物化批判和意识形态批判是卢卡奇文化批判理论的集中表达阶段。在这个阶段,卢卡奇通过强调政治实践突破了文艺美学批判阶段在理论层面所面临的空想性。日常生活批判是卢卡奇文化批判理论的逐渐深化阶段。在此阶段,卢卡奇实现了研究视域的微观转向,强化了文化批判的现实指向。上述三个阶段的文化批判理论并不是一种平面式的理论图像,它反映出卢卡奇在消除资本主义社会弊病、挽救个体生存命运问题上的思想跃迁和理论升华。Lukacs examines the capitalist society from the Angle of culture,criticizes the capitalist society from the level of culture,and then forms the unique theory of cultural criticism.In thought,Lukacs had undergone two turns from neo-Kantianism to Hegelism and from Hegelism to Marxism.Therefore,his cultural criticism of capitalist society presents a phased feature.The stage of literary aesthetics criticism is the initial exploration stage of Lukacs'cultural critical theory.In this period,Lukacs failed to break through the theoretical metaphysics.The stage of materialization criticism and ideology criticism is the concentrated expression stage of Lukacs'cultural critical theory.In this stage,Lukacs breaks through the utopianism in the theoretical level of literary aesthetics criticism stage by emphasizing political practice.The stage of daily life criticism is the gradual deepening stage of Lukacs'cultural criticism theory.In this stage,Lukacs realizes the micro turn of research horizon and strengthens the realistic direction of cultural criticism.The cultural critical theory of the above three stages is not a flat theoretical image,it reflects Lukacs's ideological leap and theoretical sublimation in solving the ills of capitalist society and saving the fate of individual survival.

关 键 词：卢卡奇 文化批判 文艺美学批判 物化批判 日常生活批判 

分 类 号：I01[文学—文学理论]