承“通”启“专”:民国后期的机械工程教育——以西北工学院为中心  

From"Generalization"to"Specialization":A Study on Mechanical Engineering Education in the Late Republic of China-——Focusing on Northwest Engineering College

作　　者：丁兆君[1] 范乐天 刘培[1] DING Zhaojun;FAN Letian;LIU Pei(Department of History of Science and Archaeology,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei,Anhui,230026)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学科技史与科技考古系,合肥230026

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2024年第1期159-169,共11页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

基　　金：安徽省2020年社会科学基金一般项目(编号:AHSKY2020D33)。

摘　　要：民国后期的机械工程教育处于“通”“专”交替的历史节点,对其进行历史考察有助于揭示中国近代机械工程教育的局限,进而加深对新旧工程教育转换的理解。本文以西北工学院为中心,以专业化的视角逐次论述该校机械工程教育在部颁标准基础上的调整、对海外课程的模仿、与业界需求的互动以及增设专业组的尝试。由此得知,机械工程教育的专业化充满困窘与盲目,这并不源于与之形似神异的美国模式,而是在师资、设备的限制下,国内教育界未能充分考量理论与实际的结果。In the later period of the Republic of China,mechanical engineering education was at the historical alternation point of"generalization"and"specialization".Research on this point can not only help to understand the limitations of mechanical engineering education in modern China,but also deepen the understanding of the transition between old and new engineering education.Focusing on the Northwest Engineering College,this paper discusses the mechanical engineering education in the college about the adjustment on the basis of"ministerial standards",the imitation of overseas curricula,the interaction with the demand of industry,and the attempts to establish specialized groups from a specialized perspective.The process of specialization in mechanical engineering education is full of distress and blindness,which is not the result of imitating the American model but rather the consequence of domestic educators neglecting theory and practice under the constraints of teachers and equipment.

关 键 词：机械工程教育 西北工学院 国民政府 专业化 

分 类 号：G642[文化科学—高等教育学] TH-3[文化科学—教育学]