H3亚型禽流感流行的潜在危害和防控建议  

Potential epidemic or even pandemic of H3Ny avian influenza A virus:Public health concern and preparedness

作　　者：刘金华[1] 孙洪磊[1] 高福[2,3] Jinhua Liu;Honglei Sun;George F.Gao(National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety,Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,College of Veterinary Medicine,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology,Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Chinese National Influenza Center,National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学动物医学院,兽医公共卫生安全全国重点实验室,农业农村部禽流感等家禽重大疾病防控重点实验室,北京100193 [2]中国科学院微生物研究所,病原微生物与免疫学重点实验室,北京100101 [3]中国疾病预防控制中心病毒病预防控制所,中国国家流感中心,北京102206

出　　处：《科学通报》2024年第10期1315-1319,共5页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32192450)的资助。

摘　　要：21世纪短短的20年间,人类已经历了两次大流行传染病,即2009年甲型H1N1大流行流感和2019年新型冠状病毒感染.另外发生了5次世界卫生组织宣布的“全球关注的公共卫生应急事件”,给全球经济发展、社会稳定和人类健康造成了严重危害(https://www.who.int/emergencies/situations).大流行传染病的频繁出现警示我们,人兽共患性病毒是引发大流行疫病的重要病原.动物源性流感病毒在历史上导致了至少5次流感大流行,尤其是最近几年,动物流感病毒频繁跨种感染人类的现象让人们担忧其可能催生下一次人类流感大流行[1].In the early years of the 21st century,humans have experienced the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic and the COVID-19 pandemic,which had a significant impact on human public health,social stability and the global economy.Historically,animal influenza viruses have caused at least five pandemics.In recent years,the disconcerting trend of animal influenza viruses frequently crossing species barriers to infect humans has raised concerns regarding the potential emergence of another devastating human influenza pandemic.In 2022,a novel H3N8 subtype avian influenza viruses(AIVs)caused two confirmed human infections in China,followed by a fatal case reported in Guangdong Province in 2023.All three human cases had a history of exposure to live poultry,indicating poultry as a source of H3N8 AIVs transmission.Epidemiological investigations of AIVs have revealed that since the appearance of the novel H3N8 AIVs among poultry in South China in 2021,the virus has disseminated to regions in Eastern and Northern China.Furthermore,the H3N8 AIVs have undergone genetic reassortment with multiple subtypes of AIVs,such as H9N2 and H10N3,leading to the generation of novel reassortant viruses including H3N2 and H3N3.Multiple scientific teams have systematically studied the biological characteristics of the H3N8 AIVs and explored the public health risks associated with its ability to cross-species barriers to infect humans.These studies have shown that the novel H3N8 AIVs possess a dual receptor binding capability for both human and avian receptors.It could efficiently infect and replicate in human respiratory epithelial cells,mouse and ferret models.Most worrisome is the potential of avian H3N8 to rapidly acquire human-adaptive mutations following infection in humans,such as HA G228S and PB2 E627K/V,which enable the virus to acquire airborne transmissibility among ferrets.Human populations,even when vaccinated against human H3N2 virus,appear immunologically naïve to emerging mammalian-adapted H3N8 AIVs,underscoring its potential for human-to

关 键 词：冠状病毒感染 流感病毒 防控建议 禽流感 H3亚型 跨种感染 动物源性 流感大流行 

分 类 号：S855.3[农业科学—临床兽医学]