晚明文人旅游的心性执念及文化建构  

The Spiritual Obsession and Cultural Construction of Scholar Tourism in the Late Ming Dynasty

作　　者：赖玉芹[1] LAI Yu-qin(School of Ethnology and Sociology,South-Central Minzu University,Wuhan,Hubei,430074)

机构地区：[1]中南民族大学民族学与社会学学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《深圳大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第2期25-35,共11页Journal of Shenzhen University：Humanities & Social Sciences

摘　　要：在晚明兴起的旅游热潮中,晚明文人尤为活跃,引领着旅游风尚。他们或为追求舒适和娱乐而游,或为摆脱社会竞争中的身份焦虑、为塑造自身文化品位、区隔大众而游。更重要的是,晚明特殊的社会境况及阳明心学的影响使文人们对旅游产生一种心性执念。在自我意识的觉醒后,面对山水的强烈吸引,他们投身其中,以游为“乐业”。在旅游的过程中,他们将其他文化爱好融于其中,形成本阶层独特的文化品位和生活方式;旅游不只是一般的消遣和娱乐,而是具有需认真对待、倾心投入的文化旨趣。他们以游为志,实现价值追求;游必有作,藉创作完成文化使命;寻求“游趣”,体现本阶层文雅和新异特色。他们不避艰险,勇于探索,率性而游,注重生命体验,堪称“性灵游”。作为具有高度文化艺术修养的群体,晚明文人融文化于旅游,对旅游进行了重要文化建构:赋诗作画、纪游品评,为山水打上文化印记,建构出富有晚明时代气息的文化山水;考察历史,鉴别古迹;保护文物,恢复遗存;制造新游具,开辟游赏新方式;对旅游传统进行思考和传承,不断丰富旅游的人文内涵。晚明文人在“性灵游”中所做的文化建构,在中国旅游史上写下了浓墨重彩的一笔。Scholars were particularly active and led the tourism fashion in the tourism boom in the late Ming Dynasty.They travelled for the pursuit of comfort and entertainment,or to get rid of identity anxiety in social competition and shape their own cultural taste,distinguish them to the public.More importantly,the special social situation and life experience in the late Ming Dynasty made them have a kind of mental attachment to tourism.Influenced by WANG Yang-ming's heart-mind theory,the self-consciousness awakening scholars devoted themselves to tourism and regarded it as a"pleasure career",while facing the strong attraction of scenic mountains and rivers.In the process of traveling,they integrated other cultural hobbies into it,forming their own unique cultural taste and lifestyle.They took tourism as their ambition to realize the pursuit of value,wrote their experience to complete the cultural mission after touring and sought fun for reflecting the elegance and novelty of their class.They toured freewheelingly and paid attention to life experience,shunning no difficulties or dangers,exploring bravely,which could be called"travel of natural soul".As a group with rich cultural and artistic accomplishment,they integrated culture into tourism and carried out cultural construction on tourism.They marked cultural marks on landscape by their poems,paintings and travel notes,investigated history and identified historic sites,protected cultural relics and restored remains,made new tour equipment,opened up new styles of touring,explored and inherited the cultural tradition.The cultural construction made by the scholars in the late Ming Dynasty in their"travel of natural soul",has written a strong mark in the history of tourism.

关 键 词：晚明 文人旅游 心性执念 文化建构 阳明心学 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]