化肥减量配施生物有机肥对紫甘蓝产量、品质及干物质和养分分配的影响  

Combined effects of chemical fertilizer reduction and bioorganic fertilizer application on purple cabbage yield,quality,dry matter,and nutrient distribution

作　　者：尚玮瑶 杨龙涛 万子龙 杨海兴[2] 张国斌 SHANG Weiyao;YANG Longtao;WAN Zilong;YANG Haixing;ZHANG Guobin(College of Horticulture,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Yuzhong County,Yuzhong 730100,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学园艺学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]榆中县农业技术推广中心,甘肃榆中730100

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2024年第2期74-82,共9页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：甘肃省教育厅产业支撑计划项目(2021CYZC-45)。

摘　　要：【目的】筛选西北高原紫甘蓝提质增效的适宜施肥模式。【方法】以紫甘蓝品种紫宝为试验材料,共设5个施肥处理,分别为不施肥(CK0),当地常规施肥(CK1),化肥减量30%平衡施肥+400 kg/667m2生物有机肥(T400),化肥减量30%平衡施肥+600 kg/667 m^(2)生物有机肥(T600),化肥减量30%平衡施肥+800 kg/667 m^(2)生物有机肥(T800),测定分析紫甘蓝产量、品质、干物质和养分吸收积累。【结果】与CK1相比,T600处理的株高、茎粗和叶片数分别提高了5.00%、12.5%和17.39%;维生素C,可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量分别提高了19.09%、9.35%和18.87%。紫甘蓝的经济效益以T600处理最佳,较CK1提高了982.96元/667 m^(2)。T600处理总干物质积累量较CK1提高10.43%,叶球氮素、磷素、钾素积累量分提高了7.49%、18.75%和12.86%。【结论】化肥减量30%平衡施肥+600 kg/667 m^(2)生物有机肥能够促进紫甘蓝养分合理分配和吸收积累,提质增产效果显著,经济效益最高。【Objective】To identify an optimal fertilization model for enhancing the quality and yield of purple cabbage in the Northwest Plateau of China.【Method】Using the purple cabbage variety Zibao as the test material,five fertilization treatments were established:no fertilization(CK0),local conventional fertilization(CK1),balanced fertilization with a 30%reduction of chemical fertilizer plus 400 kg/667 m²of biological organic fertilizer(T400),balanced fertilization with a 30%reduction of chemical fertilizer plus 600 kg/667 m²of biological organic fertilizer(T600),and balanced fertilization with a 30%reduction of chemical fertilizer plus 800 kg/667 m²of biological organic fertilizer(T800).The yield,quality,dry matter,and nutrient absorption and accumulation of purple cabbage were measured and analyzed.【Result】Compared with CK1,the T600 treatment showed an increase in plant height,stem diameter,and leaf number by 5.00%,12.5%,and 17.39%,respectively.The contents of vitamin C,soluble protein,and soluble sugar increased by 19.09%,9.35%,and 18.87%,respectively.The economic benefit of purple cabbage was highest in the T600 treatment,which yielded 982.96 yuan/667 m²more than CK1.The total dry matter accumulation in the T600 treatment was 10.43%greater than that of CK1,and the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium in the leaf bulb was 7.49%,18.75%,and 12.86%higher,respectively,than that of CK1.【Conclusion】A balanced fertilization strategy involving a 30%reduction of chemical fertilizer combined with 600 kg/667 m²of biological organic fertilizer can promote the rational distribution,absorption,and accumulation of nutrients in purple cabbage.This approach significantly improves quality and yield,and offers the highest economic benefit.

关 键 词：紫甘蓝 化肥减施 平衡施肥 生物有机肥 养分吸收分配 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]