氮素对马铃薯块茎形成的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen on Tuber Formation of Potato

作　　者：王晶 樊明寿[1] 贾立国[1] 秦永林[1] 于静[1] 王楠凌 WANG Jing;FAN Mingshou;JIA Liguo;QIN Yonglin;YU Jing;WANG Nanling(College of Agriculture,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010019,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《中国马铃薯》2024年第1期91-96,共6页Chinese Potato Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31960637);内蒙古直属高校基本科研项目(BR22-13-01);内蒙古自然科学基金(2021MS03056;2019CG030);内蒙古农业大学品种选育专项(YZGC2017007);校企合作项目(RH2300000994)。

摘　　要：氮肥是限制马铃薯高产关键因子之一。目前马铃薯生产上氮肥应用缺乏科学指导,存在氮素供应过量、形态配比不合理、供应方式落后等问题,制约马铃薯高产。综述聚焦氮素供应对块茎形成及发育的影响,总结氮素对马铃薯匍匐茎发生、块茎形成时间、数量和重量的影响。低氮条件下有利于块茎提前发生,但库强源弱,匍匐茎发生率低,块茎消亡发生率高,单株薯数和薯重下降;氮供应过量则抑制匍匐茎发育,推迟块茎形成时间,块茎数量和重量随之降低;供应适宜氮素有利于高产,究其原因,匍匐茎顶端提前膨大形成块茎,块茎消亡发生率降低,块茎单株薯数和单株薯重增加。前人围绕合理供氮量对马铃薯块茎发育的调控做了大量研究,但因产地气候、土壤理化性质、主栽品种及生产目的不同,上述阈值不尽相同,仍有待于进一步探究。Nitrogen fertilizer is one of the key factors limiting the high yield of potato.At present,the application of nitrogen fertilizer in potato production lacks scientific guidance,and there are widespread phenomena such as excessive nitrogen supply,unreasonable form combination and backward supply mode,which seriously restrict the high yield and efficient production of potato.In this review,the effects of nitrogen supply on tuber formation and development were discussed,and the effects of nitrogen on the initiation of potato stolons,the formation time,quantity and weight of tuber were summarized.Under low nitrogen conditions,tuber initiates early,but the sink is strong and the source is weak,leading to low incidence of stolon,high incidence of tuber death,and low number and weight of potato tuber per plant.Excessive nitrogen supply inhibits the development of stolons,delays the formation time of tubers,and reduces the number and weight of tubers.The supply of suitable nitrogen is conducive to the formation of high yield.The reasons may be that the tip of stolons expands early to form tubers,the incidence of tuber death is low,and the number and weight of tubers per plant increases.Previous researchers have done a lot of work on the regulation of potato tuber development regarding reasonable nitrogen supply,but due to different climatic factors,soil physicochemical properties,main varieties and production purposes,the threshold values are different either.These remain to be further explored.

关 键 词：马铃薯 氮素 块茎形成 产量 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]