试验环境的盘式制动器NVH特性研究  

Study of disc brake’s NVH characteristics in test environment

作　　者：黄泽好[1,2] 罗福平 张红 雷伟 田应飞 HUANG Zehao;LUO Fuping;ZHANG Hong;LEI Wei;TIAN Yingfei(Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacture Technology for Automobile Parts of the Ministry of Education,Chongqing University of Technology,Chongqing 400054;Vehicle Engineering Institute,Chongqing University of Technology,Chongqing 400054;Chongqing Jialing Quanyu Motor Vehicle Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 404100;CSG TRW Chassis Systems Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 402760)

机构地区：[1]重庆理工大学汽车零部件先进制造技术教育部重点实验室,重庆400054 [2]重庆理工大学车辆工程学院,重庆400054 [3]重庆嘉陵全域机动车辆有限公司,重庆404100 [4]南方天合底盘有限公司,重庆402760

出　　处：《机械设计》2024年第4期94-101,共8页Journal of Machine Design

基　　金：重庆市教委科研项目(KJQN20181101);重庆市研究生导师团队项目(渝教研发[2018]6号)。

摘　　要：文中采用多体动力学和声学边界元等数值方法,研究某盘式制动器试验条件下的NVH(Noise,Vibration,Harshness)特性。首先,建立试验环境的制动器刚柔耦合模型,从结构、激励源和传递路径3个方面分析制动NVH特性影响因素;然后,运用声学边界元法仿真得到制动振动辐射的噪声,并与台架试验结果进行比较。结果表明:制动盘第2~5阶轴向模态,支架第2~3阶轴向模态,以及制动钳和连接板第1阶轴向模态等模态固有频率与台架试验噪声频率较接近,可能引起共振而产生制动噪声;在不影响制动性能的前提下,改变制动盘与摩擦衬片阻尼系数能改善制动NVH特性;悬架螺旋弹簧下端振动大,减振器与衬套对振动具有显著衰减作用;由仿真声压级云图发现,制动盘与摩擦片接触部位声压级最大,且随频率增加呈先增后减趋势,与台架试验对应测点的噪声结果进行直接比较,两者趋势一致。In this article,both the multi-body dynamic method and the acoustic boundary element method are used to explore the disc brake’s NVH characteristics.Firstly,the brake’s rigid-flexible coupling model in the test environment is set up,and the influencing factors of the braking NVH characteristics are analyzed from three aspects:structure,excitation source and transfer path.Then,the acoustic boundary element method(BEM)is used to simulate the noise emitted by braking vibration,which is directly compared with the test results.It is shown that the natural frequencies of the-second-to-the-fifth order axial modes of the braking disc,the-second-and-the-third order axial modes of the bracket,as well as the first-order axial modes of the braking clamp and the connecting plate are close to the noise frequency of the bench test,which may cause resonance and produce braking noise.The braking NVH characteristics can be improved by changing the damping coefficients of the braking disc and the friction lining without affecting the braking performance.The vibration at the lower end of the suspension spiral spring is the largest,and the shock absorber and the bushing have significant damping effect on the vibration.According to the simulated sound pressure level cloud map,the sound pressure level of the contact part between the braking disc and the friction disc is the largest;it increases first and then decreases with the increase of frequency.The comparative analysis indicates that the trend is consistent with the results of the measuring points’noise in the bench test.

关 键 词：台架NVH试验 盘式制动器 刚柔耦合 制动NVH特性 影响因素 辐射噪声 

分 类 号：U463.5[机械工程—车辆工程]