元末明初文人危素行实探赜  

An Exploration of Wei Su s Conduct and Deeds during the Transition from the Yuan to the Ming Dynasty

作　　者：肖超宇 XIAO Chaoyu(Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《杭州电子科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第2期36-43,共8页Journal of Hangzhou Dianzi University：Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(19CMZ004);国家民委民族研究项目(2023-GMI-089)。

摘　　要：危素是元明鼎革时期的一位重要政治人物,参与过元末许多重要政治事件。1368年大都被攻下后,危素向明军投降,这一举动被视为屈节辱命。然而,他降明后不仅没有受到明太祖的重用,反遭流放并最终客死和州,更加引起后世文人对其“贰臣”身份的讥讽。不过,也有部分学者以危素“护史不死”为其降明失节一事进行开脱。通过爬梳史料发现,危素选择仕明或许另有原因,有关他护史入明以及被流贬至和州看守余阙庙等事迹,是后世文人受到传统儒家忠义观念影响的一种历史书写。Wei Su was a significant political figure during the transition from the Yuan to the Ming Dynasty,participating in many critical political events at the end of the Yuan Dynasty.After the fall of Dadu to the Ming forces in 1368,Wei Su surrendered to the Ming army,which was perceived as an act of capitulation and dishonor.However,instead of being favored by the Ming Dynasty s founder,Emperor Taizu,he was exiled and eventually died in Hezhou,which further provoked later scholars to ridicule his status as a“traitorous official.”Nevertheless,some scholars have defended Wei Su s actions by citing his commitment to“preserving the annals of history,”which they argue excuses his surrender to the Ming.Through a meticulous examination of historical records,it is suggested that Wei Su s decision to serve the Ming Dynasty may have had other motivations.The narratives concerning his role in protecting historical records upon joining the Ming,as well as his subsequent exile to Hezhou to guard the Temple of Yu Que,are considered to be influenced by traditional Confucian concepts of loyalty and righteousness,which have shaped the historical accounts by later literati.

关 键 词：危素 贰臣 余阙庙 历史书写 元末明初 

分 类 号：K247[历史地理—历史学]