竞争约束如何塑造平台相关市场?--基于反垄断案例的质性研究  

How Do Competitive Constraints Shape Platform‑Related Markets:A Qualitative Study Based on Antitrust Cases

作　　者：蒋和胜[1] 陈乾坤 JIANG He-sheng;CHEN Qian-kun(School of Economics,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学经济学院,四川成都610065

出　　处：《财经问题研究》2024年第5期118-128,F0003,共12页Research On Financial and Economic Issues

摘　　要：相关市场界定是平台经济领域反垄断工作的起点和难点。本文基于10个平台市场和98个传统市场的反垄断案例,采用三阶段编码方法,对比分析平台市场和传统市场中从商品的替代性到市场竞争约束的传递路径,构建平台相关市场的竞争约束作用机制模型。研究发现:第一,平台资本是竞争的主体,资本的物质载体差异产生不同的价值增殖模式,在理论上形成不同的相关市场范围。第二,在流通领域,相同的使用价值追逐有限的社会需求,竞争约束表现为商品的替代性。在生产领域,不同的生产过程追逐动态的生产力水平,竞争约束表现为企业的替代性。平台的综合功能、网络效应、产消劳动和市场结构等经济特征使商品和企业的替代性分析更加复杂。第三,市场支配地位是商品的替代性和企业的替代性丧失的结果,垄断企业通过制造市场壁垒维持市场支配地位,制定高于价值的垄断价格,实现垄断利润,因而可以通过潜在竞争者约束这种垄断的市场结构。本文丰富了马克思主义理论的应用场景,为平台经济领域反垄断实务工作提供了学理支撑。With the introduction of laws and regulations such as the Anti⁃Monopoly Committee of the State Council’s Anti⁃Monopoly Guidelines on Platform Economy and the Anti‑Monopoly Law of the People’s Republic of China(2022),the focus of anti⁃monopoly work in the field of platform economy has shifted from legislation to judiciary and law enforcement.The definition of the relevant market is the starting point and a challenge in anti⁃monopoly reviews.The emergence of new commercial activities in the platform economy sector has further complicated the definition,posing a significant theoretical and practical challenge for judicial and law enforcement agencies:how to define platform⁃related markets?In this paper,capital is regarded as the subject of competition,and the concept of platform capital is exploratively applied to summarize the general behavioral logic of platform enterprises,which supports the subsequent coding process.Drawing on the coding technique of grounded theory,This paper collects 98 antitrust cases from traditional markets and 10 from platform markets,and completes the abstraction and conceptualization of economic facts by cleaning the economic categories in the original data.Using the three⁃level coding method of“open coding⁃major axis coding⁃selective coding”,this paper obtains 41 initial concepts,16 categories,6 main categories,and 3 core categories to construct a model of competition constraints in platform⁃related markets.This model passes the theoretical sampling and saturation tests.This paper constructs a model explaining the path of“capital⁃alternative⁃competitive constraints⁃competitive behaviors”and applies significant antitrust cases to elaborate on the occurrence,maintenance,and failure mechanisms of competitive constraints in the platform economy.First,competitive constraints arise from the substitution of goods.Substitute commodities have the same use value and exhibit similar characteristics to commodities,such as product functions,uses,consumer groups,

关 键 词：相关市场界定 市场支配地位 竞争约束 反垄断 扎根理论 

分 类 号：F062.9[经济管理—政治经济学]