超声波处理过程中不同介质对毛竹理化结构的影响  

Effects of Different Media on the Physicochemical Structure of Moso Bamboo During Ultrasonic Treatment

作　　者：霍国琛 高晶晶 张天放 何露茜 赵育锌 许凯 康嘉怡 王婷欢 何正斌[1] HUO Guo-chen;GAO Jing-jing;ZHANG Tian-fang;HE Lu-xi;ZHAO Yu-xin;XU Kai;KANG Jia-yi;WANG Ting-huan;HE Zheng-bin(State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources,Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering,College of Material Science and Technology,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室,木材科学与工程北京市重点实验室,北京林业大学材料科学与技术学院,北京100083

出　　处：《林产工业》2024年第5期19-23,38,共6页China Forest Products Industry

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0600305)。

摘　　要：竹子储量丰富、物理力学性能优良,是一种极具发展前景的建筑和家居用材。为进一步提高竹材利用率,提高竹产品的附加值,本文对比了在不同介质中进行超声波处理对竹材理化结构的影响。分别以蒸馏水、NaOH水溶液和乙酸水溶液为介质,采用功率为360 W、频率为40 kHz的超声波对毛竹试件进行处理,并对处理前后的样品进行表征。结果表明:在不同介质中进行超声预处理能显著改变竹材的理化结构,使其中的木质素发生降解,半纤维素溶解。未处理竹材中的淀粉含量为1.37%,在碱液中超声处理1.5 h后,其含量降低97.08%;超声预处理导致竹材中抽提物含量的降低,并提高了竹材的初始降解温度。与对照组相比,超声-NaOH处理组样品的残炭含量增加了40.4%,同时最大反应速率显著提高;而超声-乙酸处理组样品的残炭量降低了42.92%,反应温度从361℃降至353℃。红外光谱表明预处理成功地降解木质素、溶解半纤维素。Bamboo is rich in reserves and has excellent physical and mechanical properties.It is a promising building and household material.In order to further improve the utilization rate of bamboo and increase the added value of bamboo products,this paper compared the effects of ultrasonic treatment on the physical and chemical structure of bamboo in different media.Distilled water,NaOH aqueous solution and acetic acid aqueous solution were used as the medium,and the bamboo specimens were treated by ultrasonic wave with a power of 360 W and a frequency of 40 kHz,and the samples before and after treatment were characterized.The results showed that ultrasonic pretreatment in different media could significantly change the physical and chemical structure of bamboo,so that the lignin was degraded and hemicellulose was dissolved.The content of starch in untreated bamboo was 1.37%.After ultrasonic treatment in alkali solution for 1.5 h,the content of starch decreased by 97.08%.Ultrasonic pretreatment resulted in a decrease in the content of extract in bamboo and increased the initial degradation temperature of bamboo.Compared with the control group,the residual carbon content of the samples in the ultrasonic-NaOH treatment group increased by 40.4%,and the maximum reaction rate increased significantly.The amount of carbon residue in the ultrasonicacetic acid treatment group was reduced by 42.92%,and the reaction temperature was reduced from 361℃to 353℃.Infrared spectroscopy showed that the pretreatment successfully decomposed lignin and dissolved hemicellulose.

关 键 词：超声波 蒸馏水 碱 酸 毛竹 

分 类 号：TS652[轻工技术与工程] TS396