诉讼实施视阈下的“抗辩”——兼论民间借贷司法解释的抗辩规范  

“Defense”from the Perspective of Litigation Implementation——On the Defense Norms of Judicial Interpretation of Private Lending

作　　者：潘宇航 PAN Yuhang(East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200042,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学,上海200042

出　　处：《金华职业技术学院学报》2024年第2期49-56,共8页Journal of Jinhua Polytechnic

基　　金：2022年度华东政法大学研究生创新能力培养专项资金项目(2022-3-040)。

摘　　要：实体法依托请求权基础思维构建的抗辩体系意在对抗请求权规范,程序法基于缺省逻辑相对于否认构建的抗辩意在明确主张责任和证明责任分配。与学理不同,我国法律规范中的“抗辩”指被告实施的防御行为“。抗辩”内涵不明导致法院适用主张责任和证明责任规则错误,在裁判说理中缺少心证披露。为此,民事诉讼法的抗辩应分为实体抗辩和程序抗辩,抗辩权的权利属性取决于当事人主张。实体抗辩依据是否须由当事人主张事实又分为否认抗辩和诉讼法上的抗辩权,后者依据是否须由当事人主张行使权利衔接实体法上的抗辩与抗辩权等权利。程序抗辩依据事实是否须当事人主张又分为证据抗辩、诉讼要件否认抗辩和诉讼要件上的抗辩权。The system of defence constructed by substantive law on the basis of claim rights-based reasoning is intended to counter the norms of claim rights,while the defence constructed by procedural law on the basis of default logic as opposed to denial is intended to clarify the allocation of the burden of assertion and proof.Contrary to the doctrine,the term“"defence”in our legal code refers to the defensive acts performed by the defendant.The lack of clarity in the meaning of“defence”has led to the court applying the wrong rules of assertion and burden of proof,and the lack of disclosure of evidence in the reasoning of decisions.As a method of defence,defence in civil procedure law should be divided into substantive and procedural defence.The nature of the right of defense is determined by the requirement for the parties to assert it.Substantive defense are divided into denial defense and the right of defense in procedural law,based on whether the facts must be asserted by the parties.The latter bridges rights such as the right of defense and defense in substantive law,based on whether the rights must be asserted by the parties.Procedural defence are divided into evidentiary defence,denial of elements of litigation and the right of defence to the elements of litigation,based on whether the facts are required to be asserted by the parties.

关 键 词：抗辩体系 民事一体化 诉讼实践 主张责任 证明责任 

分 类 号：D915[政治法律—诉讼法学]