以经评墨:晚明士大夫方弘静的墨学观  

Evaluated Mohism by Classics:Literati FANG Hongjing's Views of Mohism in the Late Ming Dynasty

作　　者：蒋威 JIANG Wei(College of Marxism,Zaozhuang University,Zaozhuang 277160,China)

机构地区：[1]枣庄学院马克思主义学院,山东枣庄277160

出　　处：《枣庄学院学报》2024年第3期7-15,共9页Journal of Zaozhuang University

基　　金：2023~2024年度枣庄学院“墨学文化研究专项”科研基金项目“明代墨学研究”(项目编号:2023ZX19)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：晚明士大夫方弘静晚年著作《千一录》的立言宗旨是在“反经而已矣”基础上的“放淫距诐”。面对晚明佛教对于儒学侵蚀的现实,方弘静对于孟子辟杨墨的立场给予同情之理解,多次不自觉地为孟子辩护。对于韩愈的“孔墨必相用”说,方弘静颇有微词,乃至怀疑《读墨子》篇非其所作。方弘静对于墨家的节用说有一定的认可,但是却始终未赞一词。而他对于墨家节葬说的一分为二的分析,也是建立在孔子曾经有反对厚葬言行的基础之上的。面对墨家与儒家思想对立的非久丧与非乐说,方弘静则拿起经学的武器,对之进行严厉地批判。以方弘静为代表的墨学保守派,与以王世贞为代表的墨学稳健派,及以李贽为代表的墨学激进派共同构成晚明士大夫墨学观的不同维度。The purpose of literati FANG Hongjing's book"Qian Yi Lu"was"Fang Yin Ju Bi"which was on the basis of backing to Classics in the late Ming Dynasty.In the face of the reality of the erosion of Confucianism by Buddhism in the late Ming Dynasty,he supportted Mencius's criticizing Mohism and opposed HAN yu's mediating Classics and Mohism,and even suspected that"Reading Mozi"was not HAN yu's article.FANG Hongjing had certain approval to the Mohist School's festival usage,but had not praised a word all the time.His analysis of the Mohist theory of a ceremonial burial was also based on the fact that Confucius once opposed a generous burial.In the face of the opposition between"Fei Jiu Sang"and"Fei Yue",FANG Hongjing took up the weapon of Confucian classics and criticized it severely.In the late Ming Dynasty,literati's views of Mohism contained conservatives representing by FANG Hongjing,and moderates representing by WANG Shizhen,and radical party representing by LI zhi.

关 键 词：明代 方弘静 墨学 《千一录》 以经评墨 

分 类 号：B224[哲学宗教—中国哲学]