康有为式三世说与保守主义问题  

Kang Youwei's Three Generations Theory and the Problem of Conservatism

作　　者：朱雷 ZHU Lei(Center for Studies of Values and Culture,School of Philosophy,Collaborative Innovation Center for Core Socialist Values,Beijing Normal University)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学价值与文化研究中心、哲学学院、社会主义核心价值观协同创新中心

出　　处：《当代中国价值观研究》2024年第2期75-86,共12页Chinese Journal of Contemporary Values

摘　　要：春秋公羊学的三世说原本是一种阶段性的治世理论,而康有为将三世进化诠释为历史自身的发展逻辑。他将政治哲学式的三世说改造为历史哲学式的三世说,造成了严重的理论后果,最首要的就是消解了治法对于历史发展的转化意义,使治法成为只附属于各历史阶段的制度。因此,康有为格外强调“治难躐级”,即制度不可以超越当时的历史发展阶段。治难躐级说看似使康有为的思想呈现保守主义的特征,但康有为三世说的发展顶点——大同学说,本身具有政治激进主义、理性主义的特征,治难躐级说只是给康有为的激进理想披上了保守的外衣,并不能改变其“方向”。因此,康有为思想难以证成一种真正的、健康的保守主义理论。In the Gongyang school of Spring and Autumn Annals,the Three Generations Theory was originally mainly a staged-governing theory.In Kang Youwei's interpretation,the evolution of the three generations is the development logic of history itself.Kang Youwei transformed the political philosophy into a historical philosophy,resulted in some serious theoretical consequences.First of all,it eliminated the transformative power of governance for historical development,and governance only became a law system attached to each historical stage.Therefore,Kang Youwei placed special emphasis on that the law system should not transcend the historical development stage at that time.This theory seems to give Kang Youwei's thoughts the characteristics of conservatism.However,this article believes that the culmination of the three generations,that is,the Great Unity,itself has the characteristics of political radicalism and rationalism.The theory of“shouldn't transcend the historical stage”only puts a conservative cloak on Kang Youwei's radical ideals.It only slows down the“speed”but cannot change its“direction”.A proper description of Kang Youwei's thought should be“radicalism with brake,”which is difficult to prove as a true and healthy conservative theory.

关 键 词：康有为 三世说 进化 保守主义 

分 类 号：B258[哲学宗教—中国哲学]