放养密度对日本鳗鲡夏秋两季养殖水质及营养品质的影响  

STOCKING DENSITY ON WATER QUALITY AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF ANGUILLA JAPONICA IN SUMMER AND AUTUMN

作　　者：杨佳雯 高敏 陈森 张浩田 吴坤 温小波 胡雄 孙育平 宁丽军 YANG Jia-Wen;GAO Min;CHEN Sen;ZHANG Hao-Tian;WU Kun;WEN Xiao-Bo;HU Xiong;SUN Yu-Ping;NING Li-Jun(College of Marine Sciences,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Foshan Shunde District Wanghai Feed Industry Co.,Ltd.,Foshan 528300,China;Institute of Animal Science,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学海洋学院,广州510642 [2]佛山市顺德区旺海饲料实业有限公司,佛山528300 [3]广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所,广州510640

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2024年第6期979-990,共12页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32002400);广东省科技厅乡村振兴专项资金(2021):鳗鱼生态健康养殖策略与调控技术;江门市科技计划项目(2020030103240009002)资助。

摘　　要：研究以日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)为研究对象,分夏秋两季,调查并讨论了放养密度对养殖鱼水质和营养品质变化的影响。夏季低密度组放养密度分别为1.51(1号塘)、1.50(2号塘)和1.49 kg/m^(2)(3号塘),高密度组分别为2.17(4号塘)、2.14(5号塘)和2.13 kg/m^(2)(6号塘)。秋季低密度组放养密度分别为1.74(Ⅰ号塘)、1.72(Ⅱ号塘)和1.75 kg/m^(2)(Ⅲ号塘),高密度组分别为2.36(Ⅳ号塘)、2.34(Ⅴ号塘)和2.36 kg/m^(2)(Ⅵ号塘)。两次分别从每个养殖塘采集5份水样,每个密度组养殖塘随机采集4尾日本鳗鲡。结果显示:两季高密度塘水体透明度和溶氧显著低于低密度塘(P<0.05),总氮、总磷、氨氮、亚硝酸盐、COD、叶绿素a指标显著高于低密度塘(P<0.05),硅藻门、绿藻门、蓝藻门密度均大于低密度塘一个数量级,且经统计分析,夏季高密度组的蓝藻门密度显著高于低密度组(P<0.05)。此外,高密度塘水体菌群Shannon指数显著低于低密度塘,Simpson指数则相反(P<0.05)。在门水平上,经统计分析,夏秋两季高密度组放线菌门均显著低于低密度组(P<0.05);而夏季高密度组变形菌门极显著高于低密度组(P<0.01);秋季拟杆菌门显著高于低密度组(P<0.05)。在营养品质方面,日本鳗鲡肌肉的硬度、剪切力、咀嚼性、回复性参数及粗脂肪和粗蛋白含量均显著小于低密度塘(P<0.05);水分含量显著高于低密度塘(P<0.05)。综上,高密度与低密度塘相比,水质指标、藻类组成、菌群多样性及鱼体质构、营养成分等指标中大部分参数呈现一致性负面影响,共同构成日本鳗鲡品质与养殖环境的敏感参数。此外,夏季日本鳗鲡放养密度为2.13—2.17 kg/m^(2)水质呈现富营养化及轻度污染状态。This research aimed to investigate the influence of stocking density on the nutrient and water quality parameters of cultured Anguilla japonica in summer and autumn.The stocking densities of the low-density group in summer were 1.51(pond 1),1.50(pond 2) and 1.49 kg/m~2(pond 3),while those of the high-density group were 2.17(pond 4),2.14(pond 5) and 2.13 kg/m~2(pond 6),respectively.The stocking densities were 1.74(pond Ⅰ),1.72(pond Ⅱ) and1.75 kg/m~2(pond Ⅲ) for the low-density group and 2.36(pond Ⅳ),2.34(pond Ⅴ) and 2.36 kg/m~2(pond Ⅵ) for the high-density group in autumn.Each time,five water samples and four eels were collected from each pond and each density groups,respectively.The results showed that high-density ponds exhibited lower water transparency and dissolved oxygen levels compared to that of low-density ponds(P<0.05).Moreover,high-density ponds had higher levels of nitrogen,phosphorus,ammonia,nitrite,chemical oxygen demand,and Chlorophyll a than that of their lowdensity counterparts(P<0.05).Bacillariophyte,Chlorophyll,and Cyanophyte were found to be ten times more abundant in high-density ponds.The Shannon index of bacteria decreased in high-density ponds while the Simpson index was the opposite.Actinobacteria in high-density group was significantly lower than that of low-density group in both seasons(P<0.05).Proteobacteria was significantly higher than that of low-density group in the summer(P<0.01),while Bacteroides was significantly higher than that of low-density group in autumn(P<0.05).In terms of nutritional quality,muscle firmness,shear force,chewiness,reparability parameters and crude fat and crude protein contents of Japanese eels in high-density group were significantly lower than those in low-density ponds(P<0.05),while the moisture content was the opposite(P<0.05).In conclusion,compared to low-density ponds,parameters like water quality index,algal composition,bacterial diversity,fish body composition and nutrient content in high-density group showed negative effects,which toget

关 键 词：放养密度 营养品质 质构 水质变化 日本鳗鲡 

分 类 号：S965.1[农业科学—水产养殖]