公益诉讼惩罚性赔偿责任的体系定位  

The Institutional Positioning of Punitive Damages Obligation in Public Interest Litigation

作　　者：杨会新[1] 王富世 YANG Hui-xin;WANG Fu-shi(National Prosecutors College of P.R.C,Beijing 102206,China;Beijing Normal University Law School,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]国家检察官学院,北京102206 [2]北京师范大学法学院,北京100091

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第3期73-85,共13页Journal of Soochow University(Philosophy & Social Science Edition)

基　　金：最高人民检察院检察理论研究课题“个人信息保护检察公益诉讼制度研究”(项目编号:GJ2023C29)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：独立的制度空间是发挥独立价值的基础,公益诉讼惩罚性赔偿首先需要厘清的是其与刑事罚金、行政罚款的关系,讨论在刑事罚金和行政罚款之下还有无独立的制度空间。在功能上,三者具有同质性,均旨在惩罚遏制违法行为;在适用的案件范围上,食品公益诉讼惩罚性赔偿与食品犯罪趋同,并被行政处罚所包含;在金钱罚手段上,针对食品违法行为,《刑法》与《食品安全法》规定了足够的金钱罚手段,客观上无需公益诉讼惩罚性赔偿予以补足。因此,公益诉讼惩罚性赔偿并无大范围适用的必要。但公益诉讼惩罚性赔偿相对于刑事处罚与行政处罚具有自身的制度优势,其适用范围应据此确定,以形成相互区分又有机衔接的规制体系。Independent institutional space is the basis for exerting independent value.It is necessary to clarify the relationship between punitive damages in public interest litigation and criminal fines and administrative fines in the first place,and discuss whether there is an independent institutional space under criminal fines and administrative fines.In the functional context,the three punitive measures are homogeneous and all aim to punish and curb illegal conduct.In the scope of applicable cases,punitive damages in food public interest litigation are similar to those in food crimes and are included in administrative punishiment.In terms of fines,the Criminal Law and the Food Safety Law provide sufficient fines for food crimes,which objectively do not need to be supplemented by punitive damages in public interest litigation.In conclusion,there is no need to make the system of punitive damages in public interest litigation widely applicable.However,punitive damages in public interest litigation has its own institutional advantages compared with criminal punishment and administrative punishment,and in order to form a differentiated and organically connected regulatory system,its scope of application should be determined accordingly.

关 键 词：公益诉讼惩罚性赔偿 刑事罚金 行政罚款 功能定位 案件范围 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学] D926[政治法律—法学]