妊娠期母体感染与其后代罹患孤独症关联及其机制的研究进展  

Research progress on the association between maternal infection in pregnancy and autism in offspring and its mechanism

作　　者：田黎越 范萌 陈文雄 韦建瑞 尹训涛 Tian Liyue;Fan Meng;Chen Wenxiong;Wei Jianrui;Yin Xuntao(Department of Radiology,Women and Children's Medical Center affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University,Guangdong Guangzhou 510020,China;Department of Neurology,Women and Children's Medical Center affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou 510020,China;Guangzhou Key Lab of Child Neurodevelopment,Guangdong Guangzhou 510020,China)

机构地区：[1]广州医科大学附属妇女儿童医疗中心放射科,广东广州510020 [2]广州医科大学附属妇女儿童医疗中心神经内科,广东广州510020 [3]广州市儿童神经发育重点实验室,广东广州510020

出　　处：《新发传染病电子杂志》2024年第2期68-72,共5页Electronic Journal of Emerging Infectious Diseases

基　　金：科技创新2030-“脑科学与类脑科学研究”重大项目(2021ZD0200522)。

摘　　要：孤独症(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)在全球患病率高达1%,是一种严重的神经发育障碍性谱系疾病,患者主要表现为社交障碍、语言障碍、刻板行为,这些行为在患者3岁前可以出现,并且会伴随一生。目前,孤独症的发病机制尚无定论,与遗传、母体妊娠环境及围生期免疫状态相关。1970年Stella Chess提出母体感染风疹病毒与幼儿孤独症的患病相关,近年来,不断有研究证明母体妊娠期感染和幼儿患病有关联。母体妊娠期间可以通过多种方式影响胎儿神经发育,主要包括活动性感染及母体的免疫反应对胎儿产生的影响。本文综述了已报道的部分妊娠期间母体感染与其后代自闭症患病相关因素,包括细菌、病毒、弓形虫感染等对患儿患病的影响,并进一步阐述不同感染性疾病与患儿患病相关的机制。Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects 1% of the world's population.It is a severe spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by social difficulties,language difficulties,and stereotypical behaviors.These characteristics can appear before the age of three and last a lifetime.At present,the pathogenesis of autism has not been determined.Previous studies have shown that its pathogenesis is related to genetics,maternal pregnancy environment and perinatal immune status.In 1970 Stella proposed that maternal rubella virus infection was associated with autism in offspring.In recent years,there have been repeated studies proving that maternal infection during pregnancy is associated with autism in offspring.Fetal neurodevelopment can be affected in a variety of ways during pregnancy,including active infections and maternal immune response to infections.This article reviews some of the reported infectious factors associated with the etiology of autism,especially maternal infections during pregnancy,including bacterial、viral and toxoplasmosis,and further elaborates the mechanisms associated with different infectious diseases in autistic children.

关 键 词：孤独症 妊娠期感染 发病机制 

分 类 号：R749[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学] R714[医药卫生—临床医学]