世界的祛魅与虚无主义的危机——论德国早期浪漫主义哲学的“总问题”  

Disenchantment of the World and the Crisis of Nihilism:“General Problem”of Early German Romanticism

作　　者：罗久 姜维端 Luo Jiu;Jiang Weiduan

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学人文社会科学学院哲学系 [2]西安电子科技大学人文学院哲学系

出　　处：《四川师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期39-49,200,201,共13页Journal of Sichuan Normal University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“德国早期浪漫派政治哲学研究(1797-1802)”(17CZX038);陕西省社会科学基金年度项目“具身化理论视域下的柏拉图心灵哲学研究”(2022C012)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：浪漫主义的确是一场极具争议且无法用某种单一的立场或者价值观来概括的、极为复杂的思想运动。但是,这种复杂性并不意味着浪漫主义完全缺乏内在的统一性、完全无法定义。早期浪漫主义的美学、宗教、科学和政治思想,与整个哲学或形而上学研究的主题和意图保持着内在的连贯性和统一性。正因为早期浪漫派对哲学基本问题的思考突破了理性主义和主体性反思哲学的局限,所以,他们关于自然、宗教和政治的观念具有完全不同于启蒙的科学世界观、理性宗教观和契约论国家观的独特理路与思考框架。早期浪漫派试图发展一种非主体主义的形而上学,将意义与规范的根据建立在绝对无条件者之上,以克服理性的异化和现代世界的内在分裂;并通过对审美经验的内在统一性的揭示和一种新的宗教观念的发展来突破理性主义的二元对立,促进理性自身的辩证的、合目的的发展和人的教化,恢复人的整全性,进而从根本上回应现代虚无主义危机,重新奠定人类共同生活的基础。Romanticism is indeed a very controversial and complicated intellectual movement that cannot be summarized by a single position or values. However, this complexity does not mean that romanticism is completely lacking in internal unity and completely undefined. The aesthetic, religious, scientifical and political thoughts of early romanticism maintain internal coherence and unity with the theme and intention of the whole philosophical or metaphysical research. It is precisely because the early romantics broke through the limitations of rationalism and subjective reflection philosophy that their ideas about nature, religion and politics have a unique logic and thinking framework completely different from the enlightenment's scientific world outlook, rational religion view and contractual state view. The early Romanticism tried to develop a kind of non subjective metaphysics, based on the absolute unconditional, to overcome the alienation of reason and the internal division of the modern world, to break through the binary opposition of rationalism through the revelation of the internal unity of aesthetic experience and the development of a new religious concept, to promote the dialectical and purposeful development of reason itself and the enlightenment of human beings, to restore the integrity of human beings, and then to fundamentally respond to the crisis of modern nihilism and re establish the foundation of human common life.

关 键 词：德国早期浪漫主义 理性主义 虚无主义 启蒙运动 唯美主义 

分 类 号：B516[哲学宗教—外国哲学]