面向人因的船舶极地航行过程安全性分析  

Human-factor oriented safety analysis on navigation process of ship in polar waters

作　　者：陈炎 吴建军[1] 朱兵 孟祥乾 CHEN Yan;WU Jianjun;ZHU Bing;MENG Xiangqian(Merchant Marine College,Shanghai Maritime University,Shanghai 201306,China;Polar Vessel Management Center,Polar Research Institute of China,Shanghai 201209,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海事大学商船学院,上海201306 [2]中国极地研究中心极地船舶管理中心,上海201209

出　　处：《中国安全生产科学技术》2024年第5期27-34,共8页Journal of Safety Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2021YFC2801005);上海海事大学2022年度教学改革和管理改革项目重点项目(新百年极地航海课程建设与产学协同思政育人路径探索)。

摘　　要：为探究船舶极地航行过程中的人机环系统性影响,从人为因素视角出发,构建极地航行人因分析与分类系统(HFACS-PN),辨识出人-组织因素在浮冰水域船舶航行安全的影响因子;建立适用于极地航行环境的系统理论事故模型与过程(STAMP-PN),并采用系统理论过程分析方法(STPA)分析极地航行过程中不安全控制行为及其反馈信息的突出危险。研究结果表明:冰困事故是由复杂的动态系统过程中不安全的控制反馈行为所导致,船舶资源保障和船员极地航行专业素质安全约束力是事故防控的关键。研究结果揭示人为因素对船舶冰困事故发生及后果严重性的影响机理,对全行业提升船员岗位适任能力和应急响应效能具有重要参考意义。To explore the systematic impact of human,machine and environment during polar navigation,a human factors analysis and classification system for polar navigation(HFACS-PN)was constructed from the perspective of human factors,and the impact factor of human-organization factor on the ship navigation safety in ice floe waters was identified.A systems-theoretic accident model and processes for polar navigation(STAMP-PN)was established,and the prominent hazards associated with unsafe control behavior and its feedback information in the polar navigation process were analyzed by using systems-theoretic process analysis(STPA).The results show that the ice-bound accident is caused by the unsafe control feedback behavior in the process of complex dynamic system,and the key of accident prevention and control is the ship resource guarantee and the safety binding force of the crew’s polar navigation professional quality.The research results reveal the influence mechanism of human factors on the occurrence and severity of ship ice-bound accidents,and have important reference significance for improving the competency and emergency response efficiency of crew members in the whole industry.

关 键 词：极地航行 人为因素分析及分类系统 系统理论事故模型与过程 系统理论过程分析方法 船员教育与培养 

分 类 号：U698.6[交通运输工程—港口、海岸及近海工程] X951[交通运输工程—船舶与海洋工程]