生态脆弱区公路选线优化及生态敏感性研究——以贵州省黔东南州玉屏至镇远公路为例  

Optimization of Highway Route Selection and Ecological Sensitivity in Ecologically Fragile Areas:a Case Study of Yuping-Zhenyuan Highway,Guizhou,China

作　　者：肖雅丹 韦宝婧 黄泽斌 杨帆 彭兴 吴毅 熊素文[5] XIAO Yadan;WEI Baojing;HUANG Zebin;YANG Fan;PENG Xing;WU Yi;XIONG Suwen(Hunan Provincial Communications Planning,Survey&Design Institute Co.LTD,Changsha Hunan 410219,China;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Highway Construction and Maintenance Technology in Southern China(Hunan Provincial Communications Planning,Survey&Design Institute Co.LTD),Changsha Hunan 410219,China;College of Landscape Architecture,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha Hunan 410004,China;Hunan Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Protected Areas Landscape Resources(Central South University of Forestry and Technology),Changsha Hunan 410004,China;School of Architecture and Art,Central South University,Changsha Hunan 410083,China;Survey and Monitoring Institute of Hydrogeol and Environmental Geology of Hunan Province,Changsha Hunan 410129,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省交通规划勘察设计院有限公司,湖南长沙410219 [2]中南公路建设及养护技术湖南省重点实验室(湖南省交通规划勘察设计院有限公司),湖南长沙410219 [3]中南林业科技大学风景园林学院,湖南长沙410004 [4]湖南省自然保护地风景资源大数据工程技术研究中心(中南林业科技大学),湖南长沙410004 [5]中南大学建筑与艺术学院,湖南长沙410083 [6]湖南省水文地质环境地质调查监测所,湖南长沙410129

出　　处：《广西师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第3期219-233,共15页Journal of Guangxi Normal University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(72174211);国家“十四五”重点研发计划课题(2022YFD2200505);湖南省自然科学青年基金(2023JJ41039)。

摘　　要：大规模交通基础设施的快速发展加剧了生态风险,尤其是生态脆弱区的公路建设,易对沿线生物多样性及生态系统构成重大威胁,如何填补这一空白,更好地优化公路选线仍缺乏普遍研究。本研究以贵州省黔东南州玉屏至镇远公路选线为例,采取客观、定量的评价方法分析公路沿线生态稳定性,通过构建公路生态敏感性评价体系,运用层次分析法(AHP)及ArcGIS空间加权叠加分析,指导其在生态脆弱区的选线优化,有效防止生态系统的进一步破碎和丧失。结果表明:1)从高程(B1)、坡度(B2)、坡向(B3)、水源保护(B4)、土地利用现状(B5)、风景名胜资源保护(B6)、植被覆盖度(B7)、景观破碎度(B8)、地质灾害(B9)9个指标进行评价,权重值由大到小为B7>B1>B4>B8>B5>B2>B9>B6>B3,表明植被覆盖度对公路生态敏感性影响最大,坡向影响最小。2)玉屏至镇远公路生态敏感性分值为1.60~5.62,高敏感区和中敏感区分别占10.72%和25.84%。3)对传统公路选线(B线)与基于生态敏感性选线(K线)指标对比,K线生态敏感性(4.34)低于B线(4.58),提出了不同路段工程建设适宜性与生态恢复策略。本研究为生态脆弱区公路选线提供了科学依据,并可推广至其他领域绿色基础设施的规划与实践。The rapid development of large-scale transportation infrastructure exacerbates ecological risks,especially the construction of highways in ecologically fragile areas,which are prone to pose a major threat to biodiversity and ecosystems along the routes.There is still a lack of universal research on how to better optimize the selection of highways.To bridge this gap,by constructing an ecological sensitivity evaluation system for highways and using hierarchical analysis(AHP)and ArcGIS spatially weighted overlay analysis to guide the optimization of its selection in ecologically fragile areas,further fragmentation and loss of ecosystems can be effectively prevented.1)Nine indexes:elevation(B1),slope(B2),aspect(B3),water source protection(B4),land use status(B5),Scenic resources protection(B6),vegetation coverage(B7),landscape fragmentation(B8),and geological hazard(B9)were evaluated,and the weight values were B7>B1>B4>B8>B5>B2>B9>B6>B3,indicating that vegetation cover contributed most to the ecological sensitivity of highways,while aspect played a relatively small role.2)The ecological sensitivity score of Yuping-Zhenyuan highway was between 1.60 and 5.62,with 10.72%and 25.84%of the highly sensitive and moderately sensitive areas,respectively.3)Comparing indicators of traditional road alignment(B line)with ecological sensitivity based alignment(K line),the ecological sensitivity of K line(4.34)was lower than B line(4.58),suitability of engineering construction and ecological restoration strategies for different road sections were proposed.This study provides a scientific basis for highway alignment selection and can be extended to planning and practice of green infrastructure in other fields.

关 键 词：生态敏感性 评价体系 选线优化 生态脆弱区 层次分析法(AHP) 贵州东部山区 

分 类 号：X17[环境科学与工程—环境科学]