金沙江下游水电站梯级开发对下游水温的影响  

Influence of Cascade Hydropower Construction on Water Temperature Downstream of Jinsha River

作　　者：於孟元 陈孝兵[1] 薛敬阳 赵忠伟 王晓婷 YU Meng-yuan;CHEN Xiao-bing;XUE Jing-yang;ZHAO Zhong-wei;WANG Xiao-ting(College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;China Three Gorges Construction Engineering Corporations,Chengdu 610041,China;College of Harbour,Coastal and Offshore Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学水利水电学院,南京210098 [2]中国三峡建工(集团)有限公司,成都610041 [3]河海大学港口海岸与近海工程学院,南京210098

出　　处：《长江科学院院报》2024年第5期65-71,共7页Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute

摘　　要：金沙江下游梯级水电开发导致下游水温沿程变化,对鱼类产卵繁衍和生长发育产生了重要影响。基于下游向家坝、朱沱、宜昌和大通4个水文站2002—2022年表层水温监测数据,对比分析了梯级水电建设期、运行期下游江段水温沿程的变化规律。结果表明:①溪洛渡和向家坝两级水电联合运行期,向家坝水文站多年平均最低水温较天然状态升高约1.4℃,最低水温出现时间较天然状态滞后约35 d;②乌东德、白鹤滩、溪洛渡和向家坝四级水电站联合运行期,向家坝、朱沱、宜昌和大通4个水文站年最低水温分别较溪洛渡和向家坝两级水电站联合运行期升高约2.0、1.1、0.8、0.7℃,年最低水温出现时间较天然状态分别滞后约42、29、11、18 d。研究成果可以为金沙江下游梯级水电站水温生态调度和下游水生态保护提供参考依据。The cascade hydropower construction along the Jinsha River has altered downstream water temperatures,significantly impacting fish reproduction and growth.Utilizing surface water temperature monitoring data spanning from 2002 to 2022 at Xiangjiaba,Zhutuo,Yichang,and Datong hydrological stations,we compared the variations in water temperature downstream of the cascade reservoirs between construction period and operational period.Our findings reveal that:1)During the two-stage joint operation of Xiangjiaba and Xiluodu hydropower stations,the annual minimum water temperature at Xiangjiaba hydrological station rose by 1.4℃,with the occurrence of the lowest water temperature delayed by 35 days compared to natural conditions.2)Subsequent to the construction of Wudongde and Baihetan hydropower stations and the shift to four-stage joint operation,the lowest water temperatures at Xiangjiaba,Zhutuo,Yichang,and Datong hydrological stations increased by 2.0℃,1.1℃,0.8℃,and 0.7℃,respectively,compared to the two-stage operation period.Additionally,the occurrence of the lowest water temperature with four-stage operation was delayed by approximately 42 days,29 days,11 days,and 18 days,respectively.These results offer valuable scientific support for managing water temperatures in cascade reservoirs and safeguarding downstream eco-environments.

关 键 词：金沙江下游 梯级水电工程 水温 平坦化 延滞效应 

分 类 号：TV697.21[水利工程—水利水电工程]