渔业养殖对水体和沉积物细菌群落结构及分子生态网络特征的影响  

Effects of fish farming on bacterial community structure and molecular ecological network in water and sediment

作　　者：梁川 周利 邓洁 俞姗姗 杨艳芳[2] 陈勤凤 张平究 LIANG Chuan;ZHOU Li;DENG Jie;YU Shanshan;YANG Yanfang;CHEN Qinfeng;ZHANG Pingjiu(School of Geography and Tourism,Anhui Normal University/Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin,Wuhu 241002;School of Ecology and Environment,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241002)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学地理与旅游学院/江淮流域地表过程与区域响应安徽省重点实验室,芜湖241002 [2]安徽师范大学生态与环境学院,芜湖241002

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2024年第5期228-242,共15页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.41001369);安徽省自然科学基金项目(No.2108085MD126)。

摘　　要：细菌对于水生生态系统功能运行和健康维持至关重要.本文采用高通量测序技术结合分子生态网络和功能预测分析方法,探究了养殖塘与自然湖泊水体和沉积物细菌群落、共现网络特征和功能潜势差异.结果表明:相对于自然湖泊,渔业养殖降低了水体绿弯菌门、疣微菌门、蓝细菌门、酸杆菌门、γ-变形菌纲、产氧光细菌纲的相对丰度和沉积物变形菌门(α-变形菌纲)、酸杆菌门(酸杆菌纲)、硝化螺旋菌门、芽单胞菌门(芽单胞菌纲)的相对丰度,提高了水体放线菌门(放线菌纲)、螺旋体菌门(钩端螺旋体菌纲)、梭菌纲的相对丰度和沉积物拟杆菌门(拟杆菌纲)、厚壁菌门(梭菌纲)、蓝细菌门、硝化刺菌门、δ-变形菌纲、红蝽菌纲的相对丰度.养殖塘水体和沉积物细菌群落结构发生显著性变化,且多样性也显著低于自然湖泊.渔业养殖还导致水体和沉积物细菌分子生态网络连接数、平均连接度增加,但降低了平均路径距离、模块化指数、关键节点总数和鲁棒性.水体和沉积物细菌分子生态网络主要关键物种由变形菌门变换为放线菌门和绿弯菌门;水体细菌网络节点间的负相关连接占比增高到53.72%,而沉积物细菌网络节点间正相关连接占比增加到63.99%.水体细菌光营养功能潜势降低,而动物疾病相关的功能潜势增加;沉积物细菌氮循环功能潜势降低,而细菌硫循环功能潜势增加.渔业养殖不仅改变了水体和沉积物细菌群落组成和分子生态网络特征参数,增加了细菌种群间联系,同时也降低了细菌群落结构的稳定性,改变了细菌部分功能潜势.RDA分析结果表明pH是影响研究区水体细菌群落结构差异的主要环境因子;AP(有效磷)和S(总硫)是影响沉积物细菌群落结构差异的主要环境因子.本研究从分子生态网络和功能潜势视角解析了渔业养殖对细菌群落特征及其生态功能的影响,有�Bacteria play a crucial role in the maintaining the health and functioning of aquatic ecosystems.To gain insight into the differences in bacterial community structures,network properties,and functional potentials between fish farming ponds and natural lakes,high-throughput sequencing techniques and molecular ecological network analysis were utilized.The results showed that compared to natural lakes,fish farming led to a significant decrease in the relative abundance of Chloroflexi,Verrucomicrobia,Cyanobacteria,Acidobacteria,Gammaproteobacteria,and Oxyphotobacteria in water and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria(Alphaproteobacteria),Acidobacteria(Acidobacteria),Nitrospirae,and Gemmatimonadetes(Gemmatimonadetes) in sediments.However,the relative abundance of Actinobacteria(Actinobacteriia),Spirochetes(Leptospire),and Clostridia in water as well as Bacteroidetes(Bacteroidetes),Firmicutes(Clostridia),Cyanobacteria,Nitrospinae,Deltaproteobacteria,and Coriobacteriia in sediments increased.Fish farming also resulted in noticeable changes in bacterial community structure characteristics and a significant reduction in bacterial diversities in both water and sediments.Furthermore,fish farming increased the number of connections and average connectivity in the molecular ecological networks of bacteria,but reduced the average path length,modularity index,total number of key nodes,and robustness in water and sediments.Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi replaced Proteobacteria as the key species in the water and sediment bacterial molecular ecological networks,respectively.The percentage of negatively correlated connections between nodes of the bacterial ecological networks increased to 53.72% in water,while the percentage of positively correlated connections between nodes of the bacterial ecological networks increased to 63.99% in sediments.The animal disease-related functional potential grew while bacterial phototrophic functional potential dropped in water.The bacterial functional potential related to nitrogen cycle incre

关 键 词：渔业养殖 细菌群落结构 分子生态网络 功能潜势 水体 沉积物 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]