氨氮短期胁迫与恢复对克氏原螯虾的影响  

Effects of Short-Term Ammonia Nitrogen Stress and Recovery on Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus clarkii

作　　者：吴乐 李嘉尧[1,2,3] 周文宗[4] 成永旭[1,2,3] WU Le;LI Jiayao;ZHOU Wenzong;CHENG Yongxu(Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学,农业农村部稻渔综合种养生态重点实验室,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学,水产科学国家级试验教学示范中心,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学,上海水产养殖工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [4]上海市农业科学院,上海201403

出　　处：《水产科学》2024年第3期390-399,共10页Fisheries Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD0900304);财政部与农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-48);上海市科委社会发展科技攻关项目(21DZ1201900).

摘　　要：为探究氨氮胁迫与恢复对克氏原螯虾抗氧化和免疫酶活性及组织结构的影响,将体质量(6.33±0.73)g的克氏原螯虾暴露于0、20、40、60、80 mg/L 5个氨氮质量浓度下,比较胁迫48 h时及恢复48 h后,各组肝胰腺、鳃和血清的抗氧化和免疫酶活性以及各组肝胰腺和肌肉组织结构的变化。试验结果显示:氨氮对克氏原螯虾幼虾24、48、72、96 h的半致死质量浓度分别为359.37、238.09、196.34、162.00 mg/L,安全质量浓度为16.20 mg/L。胁迫48 h后,除20 mg/L试验组外,其余试验组肝胰腺的总超氧化物歧化酶活性较对照组显著增强,80 mg/L组鳃的总抗氧化能力显著降低、过氧化氢酶活性显著增强,80 mg/L组血清的总超氧化物歧化酶活性显著增强;恢复48 h后,60 mg/L组肝胰腺和鳃的丙二醛含量较对照组显著上升,80 mg/L组鳃的过氧化氢酶活性较对照组显著增强,60 mg/L组血清的总抗氧化能力较对照组显著上升,其他试验组酶活性均恢复至对照组水平。氨氮胁迫48 h,随着氨氮质量浓度的升高,肝胰腺管腔逐渐变形、转运泡增大,鳃的呼吸上皮细胞开始脱落、微血管腔受损;恢复48 h后,肝胰腺的组织结构基本恢复正常,40、60、80 mg/L组鳃局部呼吸上皮细胞脱落,微血管腔受损。试验结果表明,20 mg/L质量浓度的氨氮胁迫48 h即会对克氏原螯虾抗氧化和免疫酶及组织结构造成损伤,解除胁迫48 h后可得到修复。克氏原螯虾经40、60、80 mg/L质量浓度的氨氮胁迫48 h后恢复48 h,鳃仍处于应激状态。In order to investigate effects of ammonia nitrogen stress and recovery on the antioxidant and immune enzyme activities and tissue structure of red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii,acute toxicity tests and ammonia nitrogen stress and recovery tests were conducted.In the acute toxicity test,the crayfish with body weight of(6.33±0.73)g were exposed to water with total ammonia nitrogen concentrations of 0,100.00,141.42,200.00,282.84,and 400.00 mg/L,corresponding to non-ionized ammonia concentrations of 0,4.02,5.68,8.04,11.37,and 16.07 mg/L.In the ammonia nitrogen stress and recovery test,the crayfish were exposed to 0,20,40,60,and 80 mg/L,the corresponding non-ionized ammonia mass concentrations of 0,4.02,5.68,8.04,11.37,and 16.07 mg/L.The antioxidant and immune enzyme activities in hepatopancreas,gills,and serum,as well as the structural changes of the hepatopancreas and muscle tissues in each group,were compared at 48 hours of stress and 48 hours of recovery.The results showed that the sub-lethal mass concentrations of ammonia nitrogen on juvenile crayfish was 359.37 mg/L in 24 h,238.09 mg/L in 48 h,196.34 mg/L in 72 h,and 162.00 mg/L in 96 h,with safe mass concentration of 16.20 mg/L.There was significantly increase in total superoxide dismutase activity in hepatopancreas in the other treatment groups than that in the control group except for the 20 mg/L group in 48 h of ammonia nitrogen stress.The significant decrease in total antioxidant capacity was observed in the gill and significant increase in the catalase activity in the 80 mg/L group,and significant increase in the total antioxidant capacity inthe serum in the 80 mg/L group.After 48 h of recovery,the content of malondialdehyde in hepatopancreas and gills and the total antioxidant capacity in serum of 60 mg/L group,the catalase activity in gills in the 80 mg/L group were significantly increased compared with the control group,and enzyme activities in other experimental groups was recovered to the same level as the control group.With the increase of amm

关 键 词：克氏原螯虾 氨氮 胁迫 恢复 抗氧化酶 免疫酶 组织结构 

分 类 号：S968.22[农业科学—水产养殖]