5个群体克氏原螯虾生长和养殖生态适应性比较分析  

Comparison of Growth and Ecological Adaptability of Five Populations of Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus clarkii

作　　者：邹宇凡 吴玮杰 白志毅[1,2,3] 冯建彬[1,2,3] 吴敏[4] 蒋军[4] 李家乐[1,2,3] ZOU Yufan;WU Weijie;BAI Zhiyi;FENG Jianbin;WU Min;JIANG Jun;LI Jiale(Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources for Freshwater Aquaculture and Fisheries,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-Culture of Aquaculture Animals,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Anhui Fishery Technology Extension Station,Hefei 230000,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学,农业农村部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学,上海市水产养殖工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学,上海市水产动物良种创制与绿色养殖协同创新中心,上海201306 [4]安徽省水产技术推广总站,安徽合肥230000

出　　处：《水产科学》2024年第3期420-428,共9页Fisheries Science

基　　金：上海市科技创新行动计划项目(23N11900300);安徽省水产种业振兴项目(2022AHNYNC081FW).

摘　　要：为探明不同群体克氏原螯虾生长和养殖生态适应性,2020年自江苏滆湖、兴化、建湖,安徽芜湖和湖北监利引进5个克氏原螯虾养殖群体,2021年在安徽芜湖同期繁育后,比较分析不同群体克氏原螯虾苗在同等养殖条件下生长性状、入塘扩散速率、爬行速率及耐干露等生态适应性。试验结果显示:5月雌、雄个体体长、体质量均表现为滆湖群体[雌:(7.52±0.15)cm、(13.4±0.85)g;雄:(7.53±0.12)cm、(14.25±0.90)g]最优。5月除芜湖群体外,各群体雄性个体在体长、体质量上显著大于雌性;建湖群体在3—4月体长、体质量增长率最大(分别为41%、167%),芜湖群体在4—5月体长、体质量增长率最大(分别为24%、83%)。5月各群体雌性腹部长占体长比例均大于雄性。且5月滆湖群体成活率最高为59.33%,监利群体最低为50.67%。入塘扩散速率依次为建湖>兴化>滆湖>监利>芜湖,建湖、兴化群体显著优于其他3个群体组,扩散最快的建湖群体时间为(291.67±25.43)s,最慢的芜湖群体为(661.33±32.94)s;各群体间爬行速率无显著性差异。干露试验表明,幼虾的干露时间不宜超过18 h,干露48 h存活率依次为芜湖>滆湖>兴化>监利>建湖,芜湖群体存活率最高,为(87.78±1.11)%,建湖群体最低,为(68.89±1.92)%。试验结果可为不同群体克氏原螯虾生长性能及生态适应性评价提供参考,为进一步的选育奠定基础。Five breeding groups of red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii were introduced from Gehu,Xinghua,Jianhu,Wuhu and Jianli in Wuhu,Anhui province in 2020.The ecological adaptability of different populations of P.clarkii seedlings was compared under the same culture conditions in the same period of 2021,including growth,dispersal rate,crawling rate and desiccation stress.The results showed that Gehu populations[female:(7.52±0.15)cm,(13.4±0.85)g;male:(7.53±0.12)cm,(14.25±0.90)g]had the best growth performance for females and males in May in terms of body length and body weight.In May,except Wuhu population,there were significantly larger body length and body weight in the male than those in the female,with the best growth rate of body length(41%)and body weight(167%)in Jianhu group from March to April,and in Wuhu group(24%and 83%,respectively)from April to May.In May,there was larger proportion of female abdominal length to body length than that of male,with the maximal survival rate of 59.33%in the Gehu populations and the minimum of 50.67%in Jianli populations.The descending order of diffusion rate in pond was described as:Jianhu>Xinghua>Gehu>Jianli>Wuhu,with significantly better in Jianhu and Xinghua populations than that in the other three populations,and the fastest diffusion time of(291.67±25.43)s in Jianhu population,and the slowest diffusion time of(661.33±32.94)s in Wuhu population.There was no significant difference in crawling rate among different populations.The air exposure stress test showed that the air exposure time of juvenile shrimp did not over 18 h,and the descending order of survival rate in 48 h air exposure was Wuhu>Gehu>Xinghua>Jianli>Jianhu,with the survival rate of(87.78±1.11)%in Wuhu groups,and(68.89±1.92)%in Jianhu group.The finding provides reference for the evaluation of growth performance and ecological adaptability of different populations of P.clarkii,and lays a foundation for the next breeding,which has certain application value and practical significance.

关 键 词：克氏原螯虾 生长性能 生态适应性 干露胁迫 

分 类 号：S968.22[农业科学—水产养殖]