Translation machinery: the basis of translational control  

作　　者：Shu Yuan Guilong Zhou Guoyong Xu 

机构地区：[1]State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice,Institute for Advanced Studies(IAS),Wuhan University,Wuhan,Hubei 430072,China [2]Hubei Hongshan Laboratory,Wuhan,Hubei 430070,China

出　　处：《Journal of Genetics and Genomics》2024年第4期367-378,共12页遗传学报（英文版）

基　　金：supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32070284);the Major Project of Hubei Hongshan Laboratory(2022hszd016);the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(2022BFE003)to G.Xu.We apologize to colleagues whose excellent work was not cited in this review due to the space limit.

摘　　要：Messenger RNA(mRNA)translation consists of initiation,elongation,termination,and ribosome recycling,carried out by the translation machinery,primarily including tRNAs,ribosomes,and translation factors(TrFs).Translational regulators transduce signals of growth and development,as well as biotic and abiotic stresses,to the translation machinery,where global or selective translational control occurs to modulate mRNA translation efficiency(TrE).As the basis of translational control,the translation machinery directly determines the quality and quantity of newly synthesized peptides and,ultimately,the cellular adaption.Thus,regulating the availability of diverse machinery components is reviewed as the central strategy of translational control.We provide classical signaling pathways(e.g.,integrated stress responses)and cellular behaviors(e.g.,liquideliquid phase separation)to exemplify this strategy within different physiological contexts,particularly during hostemicrobe interactions.With new technologies developed,further understanding this strategy will speed up translational medicine and translational agriculture.

关 键 词：Translational control RIBOSOME TRNA Translation machinery UORF Phase separation Immune response 

分 类 号：R968[医药卫生—药理学]