疗养人员膳食结构和营养素摄入状况30年变化分析  

ANALYSIS OF THE CHANGES IN DIETARY STRUCTURE AND NUTRIENT INTAKES IN CONVALESCENTS FROM 1992 TO 2022

作　　者：蔡缨 席雷凯 谭卫星 曾海娟 刘剑英 吴立红 CAI Ying;XI Lei-kai;TAN Wei-xin;ZENG Hai-juan;LIU Jian-ying;WU Li-hong(First Sanatorium of Air Force Healthcare Center for Special Services Hangzhou,Hangzhou 31000l,China;Qingdao Special Service Recuperation Center of Navy,Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]空军杭州特勤疗养中心疗养一区,杭州310007 [2]海军青岛特勤疗养中心疗养五区,青岛266071

出　　处：《营养学报》2024年第1期18-21,共4页Acta Nutrimenta Sinica

摘　　要：目的比较30年来疗养人员膳食营养状况和营养素摄入变化趋势,为探索科学的营养膳食供餐模式提供依据。方法以杭州和青岛疗养单位的疗养人员为研究对象,在1992年、2002年、2010年和2022年,采用称重法进行各为期3d的膳食调查,同时采用中国营养学会推荐的食物和营养素供给量标准评价膳食质量。结果30年来,疗养人员,谷物和盐的摄入量逐年下降,但盐的摄入量仍然超过供给量标准2倍以上(P<0.05);蔬菜、水果、肉类、水产品、牛奶和植物油的摄入量逐年升高,但牛奶的摄入量仍低于推荐量(P<0.05),植物油摄入量超过推荐量近2倍(P<0.05)。除碳水化合物外,其他营养素的摄入量均呈上升趋势,其中能量、蛋白质、脂肪、烟酸、维生素E、铁和锌的摄入量明显高于推荐量,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论30年来疗养员的膳食结构和营养素摄入状况有明显的改善,但仍存在碳水化合物摄入偏低,能量、脂肪、蛋白质、烟酸、维生素E、铁和锌的摄入偏高等现象。建议疗养单位加强营养宣教,实施精准营养保障模式,提高营养保健效能,改善疗养员的营养健康状况。Objective To investigate the dietary changes of convalescents over the past 30 years,so as to provide a basis for developing a scientific dietary supply model.Methods The convalescents in Hangzhou sanatorium and Qingdao sanatorium were sampled randomly,and a 3-day dietary survey was conducted respectively in 1992,2002,2010 and 2022using the weighing method.The dietary quality was evaluated using the recommendations issued by the Chinese Nutrition Society.Results During the past 30 years,the intakes of grain and salt decreased year by year,but the intake of salt was still more than twice as much as the recommended intake(P<0.05).The intakes of vegetables,fruits,meat,aquatic products,milk and vegetable oil increased year by year,but the intake of milk was still lower than the recommended intakes(P<0.05).The intake of vegetable oil was nearly double of the recommended intakes(P<0.05).Except for carbohydrates,the intakes of other nutrients showed an increasing trend,in which energy,protein,fat,niacin,vitamin E,iron and zinc intakes were significantly higher than the recommended intakes,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The dietary structure and nutrient intakes of convalescents have been significantly improved over the past 30 years.However,carbohydrate intake was still insufficient,while energy,fat,protein,niacin,vitamin E,irons,and zinc intakes were excess.It is suggested that sanatorium units should strengthen nutrition education,implement precision nutrition guarantee mode,increase nutrition and health care efficiency,and improve the nutrition and health status of convalescents.

关 键 词：疗养人员 膳食结构 营养状况 营养调查 

分 类 号：R153.4[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]