中国医院4.0:从改革视角看我国医院发展  

Chinese Hospital 4.0:the Development of Chinese Hospitals from the Perspective of Reform

作　　者：许树强 张铁山 张丹 刘芷含[4] 田倩倩 代郑重[5] 吉喆[1] 韩鹏 Xu Shuqiang;Zhang Tieshan;Zhang Dan(China Hospital Development Institute,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai,200025,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学中国医院发展研究院,上海200025 [2]国家卫生健康委体制改革司公立医院改革处,北京100044 [3]清华大学医院管理研究院,广东深圳518055 [4]中南大学公共管理学院,湖南长沙410004 [5]中日友好医院人事处,北京100029 [6]通用技术集团医疗健康有限公司,北京100012

出　　处：《中国卫生经济》2024年第4期1-5,共5页Chinese Health Economics

摘　　要：医院是人民群众看病就医的场所,是医疗卫生服务体系的重要组成部分。从新中国成立至今,我国医院发展历程可以概括为四个阶段,笔者将其定义为中国医院1.0~4.0:从新中国成立至改革开放为中国医院1.0,从改革开放至1996年期间为中国医院2.0,1997—2020年期间为中国医院3.0,2021年至建成健康中国、医院改革迈入高质量发展新阶段为中国医院4.0。从改革视角看我国医院发展历程,不同时期面临的主要矛盾不同、改革的历史使命不同、发展的方式不同。医院在变革中发展,在发展中变革,功能体系日益完善,发展韧性不断增强,逐步形成了卫生筹资、医疗需求与服务供给协同发展与治理的模式,为我国医疗卫生事业高质量发展奠定了基础。文章从历史的维度和改革的视角,梳理分析了我国医院迭代发展历程,描述了我国医院改革发展在不同经济社会环境中的关键特征,尊重历史,尊重规律,守正创新,展望未来医院高质量发展的前景。Hospitals serve as essential components of medical health service system,providing medical care to the public.Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the development process of Chinese hospitals can be summarized into four stages,which are defined as Chinese Hospitals 1.0-4.0:Chinese Hospital 1.0 was developed from the founding of the People’s Republic of China to the reform and opening-up era;Chinese Hospital 2.0 from the reform and opening-up era to 1996;Chinese Hospital 3.0 from 1997 to 2020;Chinese Hospital 4.0 has been developing from 2021 to the completion of Healthy China and the reform of hospitals have proceeded into a new phase of high-quality development.Viewed through the perspective of reform,Chinese hospitals have under⁃gone distinct reforms driven by varying principal contradictions,historical missions for reform,and approaches of development through⁃out different periods.Hospitals have grown and evolved,concurrently refining their functional system,bolstering their resilience,and gradually developing a model of coordinated development and governance for health financing,healthcare demand,and service provi⁃sion,thereby supporting the pursuit of high-quality healthcare development in China.From the perspective of history and reform,our study delves into the iterative development history of Chinese hospitals,describes the key characteristics of the reform and develop⁃ment of hospitals in China across various economic and social backgrounds,respects history and the law,keeps integrity and innova⁃tion,and envisions the future prospects of high-quality development of hospitals.

关 键 词：中国医院 公立医院改革 医院发展 高质量发展 

分 类 号：R1-9[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] R-012