基于宏微复合标定的跨尺度零件测量方法  

Cross-Scale Part Measurement Method Based on Macro-Micro Composite Calibration

作　　者：宋瑞 张益华[1] 崔海华[1] Song Rui;Zhang Yihua;Cui Haihua(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学机电学院,江苏南京210016

出　　处：《光学学报》2024年第6期269-281,共13页Acta Optica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFB3401704);航空科学基金资助项目(2022Z072052002)。

摘　　要：为了实现对跨尺度零件微小结构的尺寸精度和定位精度的同时测量,提出一种基于宏微复合标定的测量方法。建立不同尺度传感器组合式测量的标定模型,利用变焦扫描显微系统测量零件微尺度特征,利用双目系统测量定位显微设备,从控制坐标转换精度的角度设计加工特殊的标定块,将其作为跨尺度中转坐标系,标定变焦扫描显微重建点云坐标系与测头坐标系的空间转换关系,从而将局部测量点云统一至一个数据集中以完成所有局部区域的整体拼接。与理论模型对比分析,所提测量方法的各孔圆心坐标分布圆度误差为0.0438 mm,平面度误差为0.0252 mm,对喷注器各孔位姿的点误差值小于0.029 mm,孔轴向误差小于0.1140°。与面结构光传感器重建结果对比分析,所提模型能够在保证高精度重建三维形貌的情况下,更加正确地获取跨尺度零件的尺寸和位置。Objective Complex parts in the aerospace field need to deal with high temperature,high pressure,high speed and complex electromagnetic environment,and other new service environments,parts usually need to design some precision microstructures such as micropores to bear the function of heat dissipation and pressure resistance,which puts forward extremely high requirements for the manufacturing accuracy of the parts themselves,and also requires the measurement equipment to take into account the dimensional accuracy and positioning accuracy of the parts.At present,the measurement technology of multiple sensor combinations is mainly adopted,and the macro and micro feature data is obtained by using the measurement characteristics of each sensor,and finally the data is registered and fused or threedimensional stitching,the main registration fusion method is to downsample the microscale measurement data of highprecision large data and upsample the large-scale measurement data with relatively low accuracy and small data volume,and finally make the data of these two scales achieve similar accuracy to register them,but this method does not form a more correct and mature method in the upsampling process,which makes the accuracy of upsampling unsatisfactory,resulting in doubts about the correctness of the final result.In addition,the current multi-sensor integration method is mostly limited to sensors of similar scale,so this paper proposes an integrated calibration method between sensors with large scale differences,which can overcome the problem of coordinate integration difficulties caused by the difference in accuracy and resolution between sensors,and use typical aerospace parts for measurement verification,which proves that this method can be effectively applied to such parts with cross-scale structural features.Methods By preliminarily establishing a model of multi-sensor combination measurement to derive the coordinate system conversion closed loop,due to the relative position of the probe and the microscope camera is

关 键 词：表面形貌测量 跨尺度 多传感器方法 点云拼接 

分 类 号：V556.5[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程] TH742[机械工程—光学工程] TB873[机械工程—仪器科学与技术]