法律解释中的词典解释及其运用规则  

Dictionary Interpretation in Legal Interpretation and Its Rules of Application

作　　者：于洋 Yu Yang

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学法学院

出　　处：《法学》2024年第5期21-36,共16页Law Science

摘　　要：词典解释作为一种法律解释工具,不仅关联法律文本的通常含义、提供法律解释的权威结论,而且能够揭示法律文本的立法目的,是获取法律解释共识的“最佳来源”,具有司法运用的正当性。在司法实践中,很多法院在裁判理由中“显性”提及与展示词典解释的过程,不仅用来定义法律术语、澄清法律概念含义、解释法律文本的句法结构,而且经常为司法论证提供权威性论据,具有重要的方法论功能。然而,法院当下运用词典解释的客观标准与规则很不明确,导致了词典解释运用不当的问题。为规范词典解释的运用,法院应当秉持方法论自觉,构造体系化的运用规则,即基于解释对象的性质确定词典的选择标准,依据法律解释的要求采用语境解释方法,根据司法论证的目标选择论证方式。Dictionary interpretation,as a tool for statutory interpretation,not only relates to the ordinary meaning of the statutory text and provides authoritative conclusions for statutory interpretation,but also can reveal the legislative purpose of the statutory text.It is considered the"best source"for obtaining a consensus on statutory interpretation and possesses legitimacy for judicial application.In judicial practice,an increasing number of courts"explicitly"mention and demonstrate the process of dictionary interpretation in their judgments.This is not only used to define legal terms,clarify the meanings of legal concepts,and interpret the syntactic structure of the statutory text,but also frequently provides authoritative evidence for judicial reasoning,serving an important methodological function.However,the objective standards for courts to resort to dictionaries are unclear,leading to the problem of improper application of dictionary interpretation.To standardize the application of dictionary interpretation,courts should uphlod the methodology of self-awareness,construct systematic application rules,namely,determine the selection criteria of dictionaries based on the nature of the interpretation object,adopt contextual interpretation methods according to the requirements of statutory interpretation,and choose argumentation methods based on the purpose of judicial argumentation.

关 键 词：词典解释 法律解释 法律论证 法律方法论 

分 类 号：D920.0[政治法律—法学] H164[语言文字—汉语]