中国刑事审级制度反思与改革理路  

Introspection and Reform Path of Criminal Trial Grade System in China

作　　者：魏晓娜[1] Wei Xiaona

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学刑事法律科学研究中心

出　　处：《法学》2024年第5期145-160,共16页Law Science

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“认罪认罚从宽的理论反思与制度重构”(21BFX013);教育部高校人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“程序法治下的网络安全研究”(23JJD820004)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：我国刑事审级制度形成于20世纪50年代,惯常的制度实践现已出现诸多悖论和问题,亟需一次全面检修。一方面,刑事审级制度的设计具有一些类型化规律,欧洲大陆和英美的刑事审级制度有着明显的区别。中国清末修律取法欧陆,奠定了我国刑事审级制度的基本底色。另一方面,帝制时代的上控与审转覆核制仍有一些特殊遗产影响至今。未来中国刑事审级制度的改革应以事实问题与法律问题的区分为起点,在事实问题上,通过实质化的一审消化绝大部分事实争议,并强化审级的独立性;以上诉范围限制二审的审理范围,全面实行开庭审理;为加强法律统一适用,增设第三审,通过诉讼机制带动法律争议进入高级别法院的视野,克服司法地方化。China's criminal trial level system was formed in the 1950s,and many paradoxes and problems have appeared in the usual system practice,which is in urgent need of a comprehensive overhaul.one side,On one hand,criminal trial level systems share some typological characteristics,and there are obvious differences between the European continent and the Anglo-Saxon systems.In the legal reform in late Qing Dynasty,China learned a lot from continental Europe,which formed the basic characteristics of the criminal trial level system.On the other hand,some special heritage of the criminal trial level system in the imperial era influences today's practice.In the future,the reform of the criminal trial level system in China should start from the distinction between factual issues and legal issues;substantialized trial of first instance could digest most factual disputes and strengthen the independence of the trial level.The scope of the second trial shall be limited to the part which is appealed against,and the case shall be heard in court session.In order to strengthen the unified application of the law and overcome the judicial localization,a third trial shall be added to drive the legal disputes into the review of high-level courts.

关 键 词：审级制度 上诉制度 庭审实质化 事实问题 法律问题 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]