珠江口造礁石珊瑚现状及其生态服务价值评估  

Status of Scleractinian Corals in the Pearl River Estuary and Their Ecological Service Value Assessment

作　　者：黄盛 邓伟 陈程浩 吕意华 石荣贵 HUANG Sheng;DENGWei;CHEN Chenghao;LYU Yihua;SHI Ronggui(South China Sea Ecological Center,Ministry of Natural Resources,Guangzhou 510300,Guangdong,P.R.China;Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application,Ministry of Natural Resources,Guangzhou 510300,Guangdong,P.R.China;Nansha Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station,Hainan,Guangzhou 510300,Guangdong,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部南海生态中心,广东广州510300 [2]自然资源部海洋环境探测技术与应用重点实验室,广东广州510300 [3]海南南沙珊瑚礁生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,广东广州510300

出　　处：《湿地科学》2024年第2期169-180,共12页Wetland Science

基　　金：自然资源部海洋环境探测技术与应用重点实验室自主设立课题(MESTA-2021-C002);广东省平台基地及科技基础条件建设项目(2021B1212050025)资助。

摘　　要：为了了解珠江口珊瑚礁湿地的生态现状,2020年8月,采用截点样带法结合高清影像,对珠江口海域造礁石珊瑚的种类组成、覆盖率、硬珊瑚补充量、死亡率、礁栖鱼类等进行调查与鉴定,并综合运用市场价值法、效益转移法、替代成本法等评估方法,对珠江口造礁石珊瑚的生态服务价值进行评估。结果表明,珠江口造礁石珊瑚共鉴定出12科24属48种,优势种为澄黄滨珊瑚(Porites lutea)、多孔同星珊瑚(Plesiastrea versipora)、青灰蔷薇珊瑚(Montipora grisea)和团块滨珊瑚(Porites lobata),活珊瑚平均覆盖率为17.3%,平均硬珊瑚补充量为0.61 ind/m^(2),珊瑚死亡、白化和病害情况较少;共发现礁栖鱼类19科57种,主要类群为雀鲷科(Pomacentridae),平均密度为126.9尾/250 m^(2);珠江口造礁石珊瑚的生态服务总价值为17349.93万元/a,单位面积生态服务价值为12.99万元/(hm^(2)·a),其中海岸防护价值最高,为4132.31万元/a,占总价值的近四分之一。旅游开发和污水排放是影响珠江口造礁石珊瑚生长发育的主要压力来源,建议建立珊瑚群落生态健康的长期监测网络,从而为珊瑚礁生态系统的保护与修复提供科学依据。In order to understand the status of coral reef wetlands in the Pearl River estuary,the transect method combined with high-definition photos was used to investigate and identify the species composition,coverage,recruitment,mortality and coral reef fishes of scleractinian corals in the Pearl River estuary,in August 2020.The results showed that 48 species of scleractinian corals,belonging to 24 genera and 12 families,were found in the Pearl River estuary.The dominant species were Porites lutea,Plesiastrea versipora,Montipora grisea,and Porites agglomerans.The average coverage rate of living corals was 17.3%,the average coral recruitment was 0.61 ind/m^(2).There were few coral dead,bleaching and diseasing.A total of 57 species of coral reef fishes belonging to 19 families were recorded,of which Pomacentridae was the dominant family,with an average density of 126.9 ind/250 m^(2).The market price method,benefit transfer method,substitution cost method and other evaluation methods were comprehensively used to evaluate the ecological services value of scleractinian corals in the Pearl River Estuary.As a result,the total ecological services value of scleractinian corals in the Pearl River Estuary was estimated about 173.4993 million yuan/a,with the ecological service value per unit area of 129900 yuan/(hm^(2)·a).Among them,the coastal protection value was the highest,which estimated about 41.3231 million yuan/a,accounting for nearly a quarter of the total value.Tourism development and sewage discharge were the main sources of pressure affecting the growth and development of scleractinian corals in the Pearl River estuary.It was recommended to establish a long-term monitoring network for the ecological health of coral communities to provide scientific support for the protection and restoration of coral reef ecosystems.

关 键 词：造礁石珊瑚 生态服务价值 珠江口 生态保护修复 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]