基于SWAT模型的呼兰河流域生态流量计算  

Ecological Flow Calculation of the Hulan River Basin based on SWAT Model

作　　者：刘庚炜 戴长雷[1,2,3] 肖瑞晗 张义鑫 苏泉冲 LIU Gengwei;DAI Changlei;XIAO Ruihan;ZHANG Yixin;SU Quanchong(School of Hydraulic and Electric Power,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080,Heilongjiang,P.R.China;Institute of Groundwater Cold Region,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080,Heilongjiang,P.R.China;International Joint Laboratory of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering in Cold Regions of Heilongjiang Province,Harbin 150080,Heilongjiang,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学水利电力学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150080 [2]黑龙江大学寒区地下水研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150080 [3]黑龙江省寒区水文与水利工程联合实验室(国际合作),黑龙江哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《湿地科学》2024年第2期181-190,共10页Wetland Science

基　　金：哈尔滨市跨县重点河流水量分配和生态流量保障实施方案项目(GZ20220170)资助。

摘　　要：人类活动极大地改变了河流的水文过程,随着全球水能资源开发利用强度的提高,与水有关的生态环境问题日益突出。呼兰河是松花江左岸的一级支流,是流域内居民用水与农田灌溉的主要水源地,呼兰河的生态安全对流域的经济发展和农业安全有着重大影响。为了确定在不同标准下呼兰河流域的生态流量,利用SWAT模型,模拟呼兰河流域的天然径流过程与实际径流过程并进行生态补水研究。结果表明,呼兰河流域的开发利用程度较大,人类活动影响下其径流空间的分布格局有所变化;呼兰河80%以上区域的生态流量需求都满足Tennant法中“好”的标准等级;汛期的生态流量需求远大于非汛期;非汛期的缺水程度大于汛期,应在非汛期进行跨流域调水以防止出现河道断流的情况。量化了呼兰河各子流域的生态流量保证程度,能够为呼兰河的开发与利用提供理论指导。Human activities have significantly altered the hydrological processes of rivers,and with the increasing intensity of global water resources development and utilization,ecological issues related to water have become increasingly prominent.The Hulan River is a primary tributary on the left bank of the Songhua River,serving as a major source of water for residents and agricultural irrigation in the basin.The ecological security of the Hulan River has a significant impact on the economic development and agricultural security of the basin.In order to determine the ecological flow of the Hulan River basin under different standards,SWAT model was used to simulate the natural runoff processes and current runoff processes of the Hulan River basin,and the ecological water replenishment research was conducted.The results indicated that the development and utilization of the Hulan River basin was relatively high,and the spatial distribution pattern of its runoff changed under the influence of human activities.The ecological flow requirements of more than 80%areas of the Hulan River met the"good"standard levels according to Tennant's method.The ecological flow requirements during flood season were much greater than those in non-flood season.The degree of water shortage during non-flood season was greater than that during flood season,so inter-basin water transfers should be carried out during non-flood season to prevent river cut-off.

关 键 词：SWAT模型 水文模型 径流模拟 呼兰河流域 生态流量 

分 类 号：X143[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X321