供应链人权尽责边界的比较分析与法理反思  

A Comparative Analysis and Legal Reflection on the Boundaries of Human Rights Due Diligence of Supply Chain

作　　者：王惠茹 Wang Huiru

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院国际法研究所

出　　处：《人权》2024年第2期124-147,共24页Human Rights

基　　金：中国社会科学院青启计划(项目批准号:2024QQJH141)的资助。

摘　　要：随着全球供应链日益冗长和复杂,供应链人权尽责正成为跨国公司问责领域备受争议的焦点话题。近年来,人权尽责领域的立法实践呈现出从自愿性软法向强制性硬法转化,从公司对自身业务的尽责向整个供应链尽责拓展的趋势。然而,对于人权尽责应在多大程度上拓展至供应链以及应以何种模式纳入国内法律政策,各国实践立场迥异。国际软法围绕供应链人权尽责边界的多中心化解释,不仅使其面临解释多元化、界限模糊化和实施程序化的风险,而且面临被误读和滥用的风险。与此同时,一些国家和地区极力推动强制性供应链人权尽责立法,对全球供应链稳定与国际经贸秩序产生深远影响。在此背景下,探讨供应链人权尽责的合理边界具有重要意义。供应链人权尽责不应一概而论,而应兼顾法律因素的合理性与现实因素的复杂性,根据公司与供应链中负面人权影响之间的不同联系程度分情境适用。中国应尤为警惕强制性供应链人权尽责立法的“寒蝉效应”,高度重视国家供应链安全与国际供应链竞争,积极推进联合国框架下自愿性人权尽责的实施,加快提升中国参与工商业与人权领域国际规则制定的话语权。As global supply chains become increasingly lengthy and complex,human rights due diligence in supply chains is becoming a controversial focal point in the accountability of multinational corporations.In recent years,legislative practices in the field of human rights due diligence have shown a trend from voluntary soft law towards mandatory hard law,and from corporate due diligence for their own operations towards extended due diligence for the entire supply chain.However,there is a divergence in national practices regarding the extent to which human rights due diligence should extend to the supply chain and the manner in which it should be incorporated into domestic legal policies.International soft law interpretations surrounding the boundaries of human rights due diligence in supply chain are decentralized,posing risks of interpretation diversification,boundary blurring,and procedural formalization,as well as risks of misinterpretation and misuse.Meanwhile,some countries and regions are vigorously promoting mandatory legislation on human rights due diligence in supply chain,which has profound implications for the stability of global supply chains and the international economic and trade order.Against this backdrop,it is crucial to explore the reasonable boundaries of human rights due diligence in supply chain.Instead of applying a one-size-fits-all approach,it should consider the rationality of legal factors and the complexity of practical factors,applying context-specific measures based on the varying degrees of linkage between companies and negative human rights impacts in supply chain.China should be particularly wary of the“Chilling Effect”of mandatory legislation on human rights due diligence in supply chain,attaching great importance to national supply chain security and international supply chain competitiveness.Additionally,China should actively promote the implementation of voluntary human rights due diligence under the United Nations framework,and accelerate the enhancement of China's discourse po

关 键 词：工商业与人权 人权尽责 供应链 国际软法 强制性尽责 

分 类 号：F274[经济管理—企业管理] D998.2[经济管理—国民经济]